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Ms Bray - History > Nazi Germany - Culture > Flashcards

Nazi Germany - Culture Flashcards

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1
Q

In Nazi Germany, culture was seen as…

A

a way of indoctrinating the population

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2
Q

What were the aims the Nazis wished to instill in culture

A
  • anti-semitism
  • miltarism
  • nationalism & the glory of the Aryan race
  • cult of the fuhrer
  • anti-modernism
  • create a profound & wonderful culture - Reichskulturkammer (RKK)
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3
Q

How did the Nazis achieve their aims in culture
-music

A
  • Bach and Beethoven utilised as propaganda by the regime
  • Jewish composers like Mendelssohn were banned
  • New genres like jazz also banned
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4
Q

How did the Nazis achieve their aims in culture
-literature

A
  • 2,500 of Germany’s writers left e.g. Thomas Mann, Erich Maria Remarque
  • Burning of the books
  • Classics read and put on in theatres
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5
Q

How did the Nazis achieve their aims in culture
-sport

A
  • Sport encouraged for everyone
  • Sculptors showed strong Aryans - 1936
  • Olympics Germany won 89 medals, 33 gold but Jewish athletes were excluded
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6
Q

How did the Nazis achieve their aims in culture
-cinema

A
  • Major film studios were Nazi sympathisers
  • Overt propaganda - the Eternal Jew
  • Pure escapism style, with subtle Nazi messages
  • Leni Riefenstahl made Triumph of the Will about the Nazi party
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7
Q

Cinema

Nazi leaders commisioned popular….

A
  • films & documentaries - in different styles, reflecting the different aspects of Nazi ideology
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8
Q

What film was made about Hitler & congress, and who was it written by

A

-Triumph of the will
-Leni Refenstahl

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9
Q

what was Goebbels view on propaganda

A

-films should have a subtle Nazi message, as otherwise it would be unattractive for the average cinema goer

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10
Q

How did the Nazis achieve their aims in culture
-censoring unacceptable culture

A
  • Mass burning of the books - May 1933.
  • Art, music and theatre censored (Jews/Expressionist/pacifism.)
  • Reich Chamber of Culture supervised by the Propaganda Ministry
  • New functionalism and Bauhaus style were censored.
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11
Q

What happened on the 10th May 1933

A
  • With the help of the Nazi Student Organisation,
  • the Nazis organised the mass burning of 25,000 books that were ‘unsound’
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12
Q

What books would have been considered ‘unsound’ in Nazi Germany

A
  • Jewish authors
  • Expressionism
  • Pacifism
  • intellectual written works of philosophy
  • encouraging individualism or discouraging conformity
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13
Q

How did the Nazis achieve their aims in culture
-art & design (rejection)

A
  • Modern schools of art disgraced
  • Weimar culture rejected as degenerate
  • George Grosz, Otto Dix and the Bauhuas style rejected
  • Art exhibitions divided Into Degenerate art and Great German Art
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14
Q

How did the Nazis achieve their aims in culture
-art & design (acceptance)

A
  • Most admired were:
  • Sculptor Arno Breker
  • Architect Albert Speer
  • Olympic stadium - Stadium of Light
  • Strength through Joy - museum monuments that reflected strength
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15
Q

What was the Nazi policy of Gleichshaltung

A

coordination - meant the Nazis wanted tight control over culture as well as education

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16
Q

What was the aim of Goebbels setting up the Reichskulturkammer (RKK)

A
  • to control all of the creative arts
  • stopping culture being ‘elitist’
  • bringing it to everyone: the right sort of culture with the right sort of nationalist & approachable message
17
Q

When was the Reichskulturkammer (RKK) set up by Goebbels

A

22 September 1933

18
Q

What was the strength through joy movement

A

trips to the theatre, the opera and to art galleries and museums which promoted acceptable culture

19
Q

What was Hitlers view on the architecture of Berlin

A
  • believed Berlin was too cosmpolitan,
  • its buildings too much like NYC, American architecture,
  • reflecting the values of Capitalist greed
20
Q

Nazis believed that most human beings were essentially ………….. Therefore, people were more likely to be moved by…………………………………….than they were by ………………………..

A
  1. irrational
  2. beautiful images, stirring music and brilliant films
  3. science or books of theory
21
Q

what was the essential characteristic of the Aryan Race

A
  • their capacity to create & advance culture
  • through great works of art and whole cities full of sublime architecture
22
Q

Nazi leaders genuinely believed that it was their mission as Aryan rulers to…

A

create the most profound and wonderful culture the world had ever seen

23
Q

What did Hitler commission in 1837

A
  • a grand architectural plan to remake Berlin,
  • to turn it into a city fit for the ‘Aryan race’
  • in which the architecture reflected its values of strength and heroism
24
Q

Who was the head of the Grand Architectural plan to remake Berlin

A

Albert Speer

25
Q

how did the Nazis perceive Weimar art

A
  • different art forms and styles - evidence of weakness and degeneracy
  • likened the distorted shapes of the modern paintings to the bodies of people with disabilities.
26
Q

which other groups art did the Nazis condemn

A
  • artists who had studied the art of Africa and Asia
  • arguing that ‘Aryan’ artists had nothing to learn from the culture of “lesser races’
27
Q

Descibe the features of Nazi art

A
  • Nazi painting and sculpture was supposed to be ‘authentic’ rather than ‘degenerate’.
  • It celebrated the male ‘Aryan’ physique.
  • Muscular men, largely or wholly naked, engaged in intense physical activities
  • Nazi style was ‘naturalistic’ and ‘idealistic’
28
Q

What did Frick do in 1933 regarding art

A
  • issued a decree stating that any art that did not reflect German values and themes would not be displayed in official galleries and could be destroyed
29
Q

Before the end of 1933, …….&…….. were dismissed from their teaching posts and many gallery directors were sacked

A

Otto Dix & Paul Klee

30
Q

In 1936 the Nazis completed their…..

A

purge of the old art by confiscating all ‘degenerate’ art from German museums.

Ms Bray - History (35 decks)

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