Weeks 5, 6, & 7 - Kidney and fluid balance Flashcards
- What shape are the kidneys?
A) Square
B) Round
C) Bean-shaped
D) Flat
C) Bean-shaped
- Where are the kidneys located?
A) In the abdominal cavity
B) Retroperitoneal
C) In the thoracic cavity
D) In the pelvic cavity
B) Retroperitoneal
- How many nephrons are in each kidney?
A) 500,000
B) 1 million
C) 2 million
D) 5 million
B) 1 million
- Which kidney sits higher in the body?
A) Right kidney
B) Left kidney
C) Both are at the same height
D) Neither
B) Left kidney
- What is the main function of the ureters?
A) Store urine
B) Filter blood
C) Carry urine to the bladder
D) Excrete urine
C) Carry urine to the bladder
- What is the capacity of the bladder?
A) 1 cup
B) 2 cups
C) 3 cups
D) 4 cups
A) 1 cup
- How long is the female urethra?
A) 1 inch
B) 1.5 inches
C) 2 inches
D) 3 inches
B) 1.5 inches
- What is the role of the renal fascia?
A) Protects kidney from infection
B) Anchors the kidney to surrounding structures
C) Cushions the kidney
D) Filters blood
B) Anchors the kidney to surrounding structures
- What is the main purpose of the renal corpuscle?
A) Reabsorb nutrients
B) Filter blood plasma
C) Collect urine
D) Regulate blood pressure
B) Filter blood plasma
- What do the glomeruli do?
A) Transport urine
B) Store urine
C) Filter blood
D) Produce hormones
C) Filter blood
- What is the primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?
A) Water reabsorption
B) Sodium secretion
C) Nutrient reabsorption
D) Filtration
C) Nutrient reabsorption
- What is reabsorbed in the descending loop of Henle?
A) Sodium
B) Water
C) Urea
D) Glucose
B) Water
- What type of cells line the collecting duct?
A) Squamous cells
B) Principal and intercalated cells
C) Cuboidal cells
D) Columnar cells
B) Principal and intercalated cells
- What percentage of total blood volume do the kidneys hold?
A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 50%
B) 20%
- What does GFR stand for?
A) Glomerular filtration rate
B) Glomerular function rate
C) Glomerular flow rate
D) Glomerular filtration range
A) Glomerular filtration rate
- How much filtrate is produced by the kidneys daily?
A) 50L
B) 120L
C) 180L
D) 240L
C) 180L
- What do macula densa cells monitor?
A) Blood pressure
B) NaCl content
C) Filtrate volume
D) Hormone levels
B) NaCl content
- Which cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus gauge pressure?
A) Macula densa
B) Granular cells
C) Extraglomerular mesangial cells
D) Podocytes
B) Granular cells
- What is the primary function of tubular secretion?
A) Reabsorb nutrients
B) Excrete waste
C) Filter blood
D) Regulate pH
B) Excrete waste
- What is the main purpose of the kidneys according to “A WET BED”?
A) Blood sugar regulation
B) Hormone production
C) Waste removal
D) Temperature control
C) Waste removal
- Which process occurs in the renal corpuscle?
A) Tubular secretion
B) Glomerular filtration
C) Tubular reabsorption
D) Water balance
B) Glomerular filtration
- What is the primary component of urine?
A) Urea
B) Creatinine
C) Water
D) Glucose
C) Water
- What type of nephron accounts for 85% of nephrons?
A) Juxtamedullary nephrons
B) Cortical nephrons
C) Medullary nephrons
D) Subcortical nephrons
B) Cortical nephrons
- What is the structure surrounding the glomerulus called?
A) Renal capsule
B) Bowman’s capsule
C) Glomerular membrane
D) Renal tubule
B) Bowman’s capsule
- What does the renal pelvis do?
A) Filters blood
B) Collects urine
C) Reabsorbs nutrients
D) Regulates blood pressure
B) Collects urine
- What is the net filtration pressure (NFP) formula?
A) Outward pressure + Inward pressure
B) Outward pressure - Inward pressure
C) Total pressure + Filtration pressure
D) Total pressure - Outward pressure
B) Outward pressure - Inward pressure
- What does the hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus promote?
A) Reabsorption
B) Filtration
C) Secretion
D) Blood flow
B) Filtration
- What pressure is considered negligible in the renal corpuscle?
A) Hydrostatic pressure
B) Osmotic pressure
C) Oncotic pressure
D) Blood pressure
B) Osmotic pressure
- Which structure creates a salt concentration gradient in the medulla?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Nephron loop
C) Collecting duct
D) Glomerulus
B) Nephron loop
- What is the role of the renal cortex?
A) Urine concentration
B) Blood filtration
C) Hormone production
D) Nutrient reabsorption
B) Blood filtration
- Which layer of the kidney provides cushioning?
A) Renal fascia
B) Perirenal adipose capsule
C) Renal capsule
D) Renal cortex
B) Perirenal adipose capsule
- Which region of the nephron primarily reabsorbs water and solutes?
A) Distal convoluted tubule
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
C) Collecting duct
D) Loop of Henle
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
- What does tubular reabsorption primarily reclaim?
A) Water
B) Blood cells
C) Toxins
D) Urea
A) Water
- What type of nephron is important for producing concentrated urine?
A) Cortical nephron
B) Juxtamedullary nephron
C) Subcortical nephron
D) Medullary nephron
B) Juxtamedullary nephron
- Which type of cells are involved in acid-base balance in the collecting duct?
A) Principal cells
B) Intercalated cells
C) Epithelial cells
D) Squamous cells
B) Intercalated cells
- How do the kidneys regulate blood volume?
A) By secreting hormones
B) By adjusting urine output
C) By filtering blood
D) By absorbing nutrients
B) By adjusting urine output
- What is the consequence of increased GFR?
A) Decreased urine output
B) Increased urine output
C) No change in urine output
D) Variable urine output
B) Increased urine output
- What do renal columns contain?
A) Blood vessels
B) Nephrons
C) Renal pyramids
D) Ureters
A) Blood vessels
- What is the primary hormone regulating water balance in the kidneys?
A) Aldosterone
B) ADH
C) Renin
D) EPO
B) ADH
- Which process is crucial for urine formation?
A) Filtration
B) Absorption
C) Secretion
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
- What is the primary mechanism for sodium reabsorption in the renal tubules?
A) Passive diffusion
B) Active transport
C) Secondary active transport
D) Osmosis
B) Active transport
- Which process utilizes the sodium gradient to reabsorb other solutes?
A) Passive diffusion
B) Active transport
C) Secondary active transport
D) Filtration
C) Secondary active transport
- What is the role of aquaporins in the kidney?
A) Secretion of ions
B) Active transport of sodium
C) Water reabsorption
D) Filtration of blood
C) Water reabsorption
- What percentage of water is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?
A) 15%
B) 50%
C) 65%
D) 90%
C) 65%
- What hormone primarily regulates facultative water reabsorption in the collecting duct?
A) Aldosterone
B) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
C) Angiotensin II
D) Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
B) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)