Week 11 - ANS Flashcards
Which level of motor control is responsible for adjusting muscle strength and timing for skilled tasks?
A. Precommand Level
B. Projection Level
C. Segmental Level
D. Reflex Level
A. Precommand Level
What is the location of the precommand level in motor control?
A. Cerebral cortex
B. Cerebellum and basal nuclei
C. Brainstem
D. Spinal cord
B. Cerebellum and basal nuclei
Which level of motor control is associated with voluntary movements like picking up an object?
A. Precommand Level
B. Projection Level
C. Segmental Level
D. Reflex Level
B. Projection Level
Where are segmental level motor controls located?
A. Cerebral cortex
B. Cerebellum and basal nuclei
C. Spinal cord
D. Brainstem
C. Spinal cord
Which structure coordinates voluntary movements and maintains balance?
A. Basal nuclei
B. Cerebellum
C. Primary motor cortex
D. Brainstem
B. Cerebellum
What is the function of the basal nuclei in motor activity?
A. Voluntary movement coordination
B. Initiating and inhibiting movements
C. Reflex control
D. Automatic movements
B. Initiating and inhibiting movements
Which component of the reflex arc senses a stimulus?
A. Receptor
B. Motor neuron
C. Effector
D. Sensory neuron
A. Receptor
Where is the sensory information in a reflex arc transmitted to?
A. Brain
B. Spinal cord
C. Motor neuron
D. Effector
B. Spinal cord
Which component of the reflex arc processes the information?
A. Sensory neuron
B. Receptor
C. Integration centre
D. Effector
C. Integration centre
What is the role of the effector in a reflex arc?
A. Senses a stimulus
B. Transmits sensory information
C. Carries the response
D. Executes the response
D. Executes the response
Which reflex involves muscle contraction in response to muscle stretching?
A. Tendon reflex
B. Stretch reflex
C. Flexor reflex
D. Crossed extensor reflex
B. Stretch reflex
What type of reflex occurs in response to pain, resulting in withdrawal from the stimulus?
A. Tendon reflex
B. Crossed extensor reflex
C. Flexor (withdrawal) reflex
D. Stretch reflex
C. Flexor (withdrawal) reflex
Which reflex is initiated to maintain balance during a withdrawal reflex?
A. Tendon reflex
B. Crossed extensor reflex
C. Stretch reflex
D. Plantar reflex
B. Crossed extensor reflex
What is an example of a superficial reflex?
A. Stretch reflex
B. Abdominal reflex
C. Crossed extensor reflex
D. Tendon reflex
B. Abdominal reflex
What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
A. Sympathetic and parasympathetic
B. Cranial and spinal nerves
C. Somatic and autonomic
D. Sensory and motor
D. Sensory and motor
Which nervous system division prepares the body for “fight or flight”?
A. Sympathetic
B. Parasympathetic
C. Somatic
D. Central
A. Sympathetic
What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
A. Rest and digest
B. Fight or flight
C. Reflex actions
D. Voluntary movements
A. Rest and digest
Which neurotransmitter is secreted by parasympathetic postganglionic neurons?
A. Acetylcholine
B. Noradrenaline
C. Dopamine
D. Serotonin
A. Acetylcholine
Where do parasympathetic ganglia typically reside?
A. Near or within target organs
B. Near the spinal cord
C. Inside the brain
D. Alongside blood vessels
A. Near or within target organs
Which cranial nerve is primarily involved in parasympathetic output to the heart and digestive system?
A. Facial nerve
B. Vagus nerve
C. Glossopharyngeal nerve
D. Oculomotor nerve
B. Vagus nerve
What is the function of sympathetic postganglionic neurons?
A. Secrete acetylcholine
B. Secrete noradrenaline
C. Inhibit muscle movement
D. Stimulate digestion
B. Secrete noradrenaline
Where does the sympathetic division of the ANS originate?
A. Cranio-sacral region
B. Thoraco-lumbar region
C. Cervical region
D. Lumbo-sacral region
B. Thoraco-lumbar region
Which reflex is an example of an autonomic (visceral) reflex?
A. Stretch reflex
B. Tendon reflex
C. Defecation reflex
D. Crossed extensor reflex
C. Defecation reflex
How many neurons are involved in the efferent pathway of visceral reflexes?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
B. Two
Which part of the brain acts as the primary integration centre for autonomic functions?
A. Cerebellum
B. Hypothalamus
C. Thalamus
D. Medulla
B. Hypothalamus
What does the hypothalamus regulate through the autonomic nervous system?
A. Movement and posture
B. Heart activity and blood pressure
C. Sleep cycles
D. Memory consolidation
B. Heart activity and blood pressure
Which brain structure has direct control over autonomic functions like heart rate and digestion?
A. Cerebellum
B. Hypothalamus
C. Medulla
D. Basal nuclei
C. Medulla
What triggers the fight-or-flight response via the limbic system?
A. Hunger
B. Stress and danger
C. Sleep deprivation
D. Muscle fatigue
B. Stress and danger
What role does the spinal cord play in autonomic function?
A. Controls voluntary movements
B. Integrates reflexes like defecation and urination
C. Regulates digestion
D. Controls breathing
B. Integrates reflexes like defecation and urination
What is the main neurotransmitter released by sympathetic preganglionic neurons?
A. Acetylcholine
B. Noradrenaline
C. Dopamine
D. GABA
A. Acetylcholine
Which neurotransmitter is secreted by sympathetic postganglionic neurons?
A. Acetylcholine
B. Noradrenaline
C. Serotonin
D. GABA
B. Noradrenaline
Which reflex involves the contraction of skeletal muscles in response to stretching within the muscle?
A. Crossed extensor reflex
B. Tendon reflex
C. Stretch reflex
D. Withdrawal reflex
C. Stretch reflex
What function does the tendon reflex serve?
A. Causes muscle contraction
B. Prevents excessive muscle tension
C. Inhibits muscle relaxation
D. Activates reciprocal innervation
B. Prevents excessive muscle tension
Which reflex is responsible for moving an entire limb away from a painful stimulus?
A. Flexor (withdrawal) reflex
B. Stretch reflex
C. Tendon reflex
D. Crossed extensor reflex
A. Flexor (withdrawal) reflex
Which nervous system division is involved in energy conservation and relaxation?
A. Sympathetic
B. Parasympathetic
C. Central
D. Somatic
B. Parasympathetic
What does biofeedback training involve in terms of autonomic function?
A. Enhancing reflex speed
B. Gaining control over autonomic responses
C. Strengthening muscle tone
D. Improving balance and posture
B. Gaining control over autonomic responses
Which muscle type is primarily affected by autonomic nervous system control?
A. Skeletal muscle
B. Smooth muscle
C. Cardiac muscle
D. Both B and C
D. Both B and C
Which neurotransmitter is released by postganglionic sympathetic neurons?
A. Acetylcholine
B. Noradrenaline
C. Serotonin
D. Dopamine
B. Noradrenaline
