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SBI172 > Week 11 - ANS > Flashcards

Week 11 - ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Which level of motor control is responsible for adjusting muscle strength and timing for skilled tasks?
A. Precommand Level
B. Projection Level
C. Segmental Level
D. Reflex Level

A

A. Precommand Level

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2
Q

What is the location of the precommand level in motor control?
A. Cerebral cortex
B. Cerebellum and basal nuclei
C. Brainstem
D. Spinal cord

A

B. Cerebellum and basal nuclei

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3
Q

Which level of motor control is associated with voluntary movements like picking up an object?
A. Precommand Level
B. Projection Level
C. Segmental Level
D. Reflex Level

A

B. Projection Level

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4
Q

Where are segmental level motor controls located?
A. Cerebral cortex
B. Cerebellum and basal nuclei
C. Spinal cord
D. Brainstem

A

C. Spinal cord

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5
Q

Which structure coordinates voluntary movements and maintains balance?
A. Basal nuclei
B. Cerebellum
C. Primary motor cortex
D. Brainstem

A

B. Cerebellum

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6
Q

What is the function of the basal nuclei in motor activity?
A. Voluntary movement coordination
B. Initiating and inhibiting movements
C. Reflex control
D. Automatic movements

A

B. Initiating and inhibiting movements

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7
Q

Which component of the reflex arc senses a stimulus?
A. Receptor
B. Motor neuron
C. Effector
D. Sensory neuron

A

A. Receptor

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8
Q

Where is the sensory information in a reflex arc transmitted to?
A. Brain
B. Spinal cord
C. Motor neuron
D. Effector

A

B. Spinal cord

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9
Q

Which component of the reflex arc processes the information?
A. Sensory neuron
B. Receptor
C. Integration centre
D. Effector

A

C. Integration centre

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10
Q

What is the role of the effector in a reflex arc?
A. Senses a stimulus
B. Transmits sensory information
C. Carries the response
D. Executes the response

A

D. Executes the response

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11
Q

Which reflex involves muscle contraction in response to muscle stretching?
A. Tendon reflex
B. Stretch reflex
C. Flexor reflex
D. Crossed extensor reflex

A

B. Stretch reflex

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12
Q

What type of reflex occurs in response to pain, resulting in withdrawal from the stimulus?
A. Tendon reflex
B. Crossed extensor reflex
C. Flexor (withdrawal) reflex
D. Stretch reflex

A

C. Flexor (withdrawal) reflex

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13
Q

Which reflex is initiated to maintain balance during a withdrawal reflex?
A. Tendon reflex
B. Crossed extensor reflex
C. Stretch reflex
D. Plantar reflex

A

B. Crossed extensor reflex

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14
Q

What is an example of a superficial reflex?
A. Stretch reflex
B. Abdominal reflex
C. Crossed extensor reflex
D. Tendon reflex

A

B. Abdominal reflex

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15
Q

What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
A. Sympathetic and parasympathetic
B. Cranial and spinal nerves
C. Somatic and autonomic
D. Sensory and motor

A

D. Sensory and motor

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16
Q

Which nervous system division prepares the body for “fight or flight”?
A. Sympathetic
B. Parasympathetic
C. Somatic
D. Central

A

A. Sympathetic

17
Q

What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
A. Rest and digest
B. Fight or flight
C. Reflex actions
D. Voluntary movements

A

A. Rest and digest

18
Q

Which neurotransmitter is secreted by parasympathetic postganglionic neurons?
A. Acetylcholine
B. Noradrenaline
C. Dopamine
D. Serotonin

A

A. Acetylcholine

19
Q

Where do parasympathetic ganglia typically reside?
A. Near or within target organs
B. Near the spinal cord
C. Inside the brain
D. Alongside blood vessels

A

A. Near or within target organs

20
Q

Which cranial nerve is primarily involved in parasympathetic output to the heart and digestive system?
A. Facial nerve
B. Vagus nerve
C. Glossopharyngeal nerve
D. Oculomotor nerve

A

B. Vagus nerve

21
Q

What is the function of sympathetic postganglionic neurons?
A. Secrete acetylcholine
B. Secrete noradrenaline
C. Inhibit muscle movement
D. Stimulate digestion

A

B. Secrete noradrenaline

22
Q

Where does the sympathetic division of the ANS originate?
A. Cranio-sacral region
B. Thoraco-lumbar region
C. Cervical region
D. Lumbo-sacral region

A

B. Thoraco-lumbar region

23
Q

Which reflex is an example of an autonomic (visceral) reflex?
A. Stretch reflex
B. Tendon reflex
C. Defecation reflex
D. Crossed extensor reflex

A

C. Defecation reflex

24
Q

How many neurons are involved in the efferent pathway of visceral reflexes?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four

A

B. Two

25
Q

Which part of the brain acts as the primary integration centre for autonomic functions?
A. Cerebellum
B. Hypothalamus
C. Thalamus
D. Medulla

A

B. Hypothalamus

26
Q

What does the hypothalamus regulate through the autonomic nervous system?
A. Movement and posture
B. Heart activity and blood pressure
C. Sleep cycles
D. Memory consolidation

A

B. Heart activity and blood pressure

27
Q

Which brain structure has direct control over autonomic functions like heart rate and digestion?
A. Cerebellum
B. Hypothalamus
C. Medulla
D. Basal nuclei

A

C. Medulla

28
Q

What triggers the fight-or-flight response via the limbic system?
A. Hunger
B. Stress and danger
C. Sleep deprivation
D. Muscle fatigue

A

B. Stress and danger

29
Q

What role does the spinal cord play in autonomic function?
A. Controls voluntary movements
B. Integrates reflexes like defecation and urination
C. Regulates digestion
D. Controls breathing

A

B. Integrates reflexes like defecation and urination

30
Q

What is the main neurotransmitter released by sympathetic preganglionic neurons?
A. Acetylcholine
B. Noradrenaline
C. Dopamine
D. GABA

A

A. Acetylcholine

31
Q

Which neurotransmitter is secreted by sympathetic postganglionic neurons?
A. Acetylcholine
B. Noradrenaline
C. Serotonin
D. GABA

A

B. Noradrenaline

32
Q

Which reflex involves the contraction of skeletal muscles in response to stretching within the muscle?
A. Crossed extensor reflex
B. Tendon reflex
C. Stretch reflex
D. Withdrawal reflex

A

C. Stretch reflex

33
Q

What function does the tendon reflex serve?
A. Causes muscle contraction
B. Prevents excessive muscle tension
C. Inhibits muscle relaxation
D. Activates reciprocal innervation

A

B. Prevents excessive muscle tension

34
Q

Which reflex is responsible for moving an entire limb away from a painful stimulus?
A. Flexor (withdrawal) reflex
B. Stretch reflex
C. Tendon reflex
D. Crossed extensor reflex

A

A. Flexor (withdrawal) reflex

35
Q

Which nervous system division is involved in energy conservation and relaxation?
A. Sympathetic
B. Parasympathetic
C. Central
D. Somatic

A

B. Parasympathetic

36
Q

What does biofeedback training involve in terms of autonomic function?
A. Enhancing reflex speed
B. Gaining control over autonomic responses
C. Strengthening muscle tone
D. Improving balance and posture

A

B. Gaining control over autonomic responses

37
Q

Which muscle type is primarily affected by autonomic nervous system control?
A. Skeletal muscle
B. Smooth muscle
C. Cardiac muscle
D. Both B and C

A

D. Both B and C

38
Q

Which neurotransmitter is released by postganglionic sympathetic neurons?
A. Acetylcholine
B. Noradrenaline
C. Serotonin
D. Dopamine

A

B. Noradrenaline

SBI172 (11 decks)

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