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SBI172 > Week 2 - Immune > Flashcards

Week 2 - Immune Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of the innate immune system?
a) Specific
b) Slow response
c) Memory
d) Fast response

A

d) Fast response

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2
Q

What is the function of the skin in the immune system?
a) Provides a chemical barrier
b) Circulates antibodies
c) Produces antigens
d) Triggers fever

A

a) Provides a chemical barrier

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3
Q

Which of the following is not a part of the first line of defence?
a) Skin
b) Mucous membranes
c) Enzymes
d) T-lymphocytes

A

d) T-lymphocytes

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4
Q

What is the role of neutrophils in phagocytosis?
a) Kill virus-infected cells
b) Become phagocytic on encountering infectious material
c) Release histamine
d) Increase metabolic rate

A

b) Become phagocytic on encountering infectious material

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5
Q

Which of the following cells are known as antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
a) Neutrophils
b) NK cells
c) Dendritic cells
d) Eosinophils

A

c) Dendritic cells

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6
Q

Which of the following is a function of natural killer (NK) cells?
a) Trigger the adaptive immune response
b) Kill cells lacking MHC-1
c) Secrete antibodies
d) Produce memory cells

A

b) Kill cells lacking MHC-1

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7
Q

What is the first step of phagocytosis?
a) Adherence
b) Ingestion
c) Chemotaxis
d) Digestion

A

c) Chemotaxis

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8
Q

Which of the following is a physiological response triggered by inflammation?
a) Release of antibodies
b) Increase in T-cell production
c) Pain and swelling
d) Memory cell formation

A

c) Pain and swelling

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9
Q

How does fever aid in innate body defence?
a) Decreases the number of white blood cells
b) Slows the metabolic rate
c) Prevents liver and spleen from releasing iron and zinc
d) Triggers antibody production

A

c) Prevents liver and spleen from releasing iron and zinc

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10
Q

Which of the following is an antimicrobial substance in the immune system?
a) Histamine
b) Interferons
c) Pyrogens
d) Antibodies

A

b) Interferons

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11
Q

What does the complement system do?
a) Reduces inflammation
b) Destroys T-cells
c) Enhances phagocytosis
d) Lowers fever

A

c) Enhances phagocytosis

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12
Q

What is the main role of B-lymphocytes?
a) Secrete cytokines
b) Produce antibodies
c) Destroy infected cells
d) Trigger fever

A

b) Produce antibodies

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13
Q

Which term describes substances that can provoke an immune response?
a) Phagocytes
b) Antigens
c) Interferons
d) Lymphocytes

A

b) Antigens

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14
Q

What is opsonisation?
a) The process of memory cell formation
b) The marking of antigens with antibodies for destruction
c) The release of histamine
d) The secretion of interferons

A

b) The marking of antigens with antibodies for destruction

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15
Q

Which of the following is an example of active immunity?
a) Antibodies from breast milk
b) Vaccination
c) Antibodies from plasma donation
d) Maternal antibodies

A

b) Vaccination

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16
Q

What is the function of memory cells in the immune system?
a) Trigger fever
b) Produce histamine
c) Remember antigens for a faster secondary response
d) Destroy viruses

A

c) Remember antigens for a faster secondary response

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17
Q

Which of the following best describes humoral immunity?
a) Involves B-cells and antibodies
b) Involves T-cells only
c) Directly kills infected cells
d) Regulates inflammation

A

a) Involves B-cells and antibodies

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18
Q

What do cytotoxic T-cells do?
a) Produce antibodies
b) Destroy infected cells
c) Secrete interferons
d) Neutralise antigens

A

b) Destroy infected cells

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19
Q

Which antibody class is passed across the placenta?
a) IgM
b) IgA
c) IgD
d) IgG

A

d) IgG

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20
Q

Which antibody class is most abundant in mucosal layers?
a) IgM
b) IgA
c) IgD
d) IgE

A

b) IgA

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21
Q

What is the main role of helper T-cells?
a) Destroy infected cells
b) Activate B-cells
c) Produce antibodies
d) Lower fever

A

b) Activate B-cells

22
Q

What is the primary function of plasma cells in humoral immunity?
a) Engulf pathogens
b) Secrete antibodies
c) Trigger inflammation
d) Present antigens

A

b) Secrete antibodies

23
Q

Which process ensures that T-cells do not attack self-cells?
a) Opsonisation
b) Phagocytosis
c) Immunocompetence
d) Self-tolerance

A

d) Self-tolerance

24
Q

What triggers the complement system?
a) Antibody binding
b) Fever
c) NK cells
d) Macrophages

A

a) Antibody binding

25
Q

What type of cells produce cytokines?
a) B-cells
b) T-cells
c) Neutrophils
d) Eosinophils

A

b) T-cells

26
Q

What is a hapten?
a) A complete antigen
b) A partial antigen that requires a carrier to elicit a response
c) An antibody
d) A type of T-cell

A

b) A partial antigen that requires a carrier to elicit a response

27
Q

What is the role of interferons in the immune system?
a) They mark antigens for destruction
b) They warn neighbouring cells of a viral infection
c) They increase metabolic rate
d) They lower fever

A

b) They warn neighbouring cells of a viral infection

28
Q

What is the main difference between innate and adaptive immunity?
a) Innate immunity is specific; adaptive immunity is non-specific
b) Innate immunity has memory; adaptive immunity does not
c) Innate immunity is fast; adaptive immunity is slow
d) Innate immunity targets viruses; adaptive immunity targets bacteria

A

c) Innate immunity is fast; adaptive immunity is slow

29
Q

Which cell type(s) experience clonal selection?
a) Neutrophils
b) B-cells
c) T-cells
d) Macrophages

A

b) B-cells
c) T-cells

30
Q

What is the primary role of IgE antibodies?
a) Protect against bacteria
b) Neutralise viruses
c) Trigger allergic reactions
d) Pass through the placenta

A

c) Trigger allergic reactions

31
Q

What is the process by which macrophages present antigens?
a) Phagocytosis
b) Opsonisation
c) Antigen presentation
d) Clonal selection

A

c) Antigen presentation

32
Q

Which part of the immune system is responsible for systemic response?
a) Innate immunity
b) Adaptive immunity
c) Mucosal immunity
d) Inflammatory response

A

b) Adaptive immunity

33
Q

What happens during the digestion step of phagocytosis?
a) The microbe is engulfed by the phagocyte
b) The phagocyte adheres to the foreign substance
c) The microbe is broken down by enzymes
d) The phagocyte moves to the damaged site

A

c) The microbe is broken down by enzymes

34
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of T-cells?
a) Produce antibodies
b) Involved in cell-mediated immunity
c) Stay outside lymph nodes
d) Have surface antigens

A

b) Involved in cell-mediated immunity

35
Q

What does MHC stand for?
a) Major Histocompatibility Complex
b) Memory Helper Cells
c) Microbial Histamine Complex
d) Major Hemoglobin Complex

A

a) Major Histocompatibility Complex

36
Q

What triggers a secondary immune response?
a) The first encounter with an antigen
b) Memory cells encountering an antigen again
c) NK cells destroying infected cells
d) Activation of neutrophils

A

b) Memory cells encountering an antigen again

37
Q

What is the role of lymph nodes in the immune system?
a) Produce white blood cells
b) Filter lymph and trap pathogens
c) Store antibodies
d) Trigger fever

A

b) Filter lymph and trap pathogens

38
Q

What type of immunity is involved when antibodies are passed from mother to child?
a) Active immunity
b) Passive immunity
c) Innate immunity
d) Adaptive immunity

A

b) Passive immunity

39
Q

What role do histamines play in the immune response?
a) Increase blood flow to tissues
b) Decrease inflammation
c) Activate T-cells
d) Neutralise pathogens

A

a) Increase blood flow to tissues

40
Q

Which of the following best describes the inflammatory response?
a) It is triggered by antibody production
b) It involves phagocytosis and fever
c) It is a rapid response to tissue injury
d) It involves only the adaptive immune system

A

c) It is a rapid response to tissue injury

41
Q

Which cell type is primarily responsible for producing antibodies?
a) Helper T-cells
b) Plasma cells
c) Cytotoxic T-cells
d) Dendritic cells

A

b) Plasma cells

42
Q

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
a) Transport oxygen
b) Absorb nutrients
c) Filter and return lymph to the bloodstream
d) Produce hormones

A

c) Filter and return lymph to the bloodstream

43
Q

Which cytokine is known for its role in inducing fever?
a) Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
b) Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)
c) Interferon-gamma
d) Interleukin-6 (IL-6)

A

a) Interleukin-1 (IL-1)

44
Q

What is the main role of regulatory T-cells (Tregs)?
a) Destroy infected cells
b) Suppress autoimmune responses
c) Produce antibodies
d) Enhance the inflammatory response

A

b) Suppress autoimmune responses

45
Q

What is the primary function of the spleen in the immune system?
a) Produce hormones
b) Filter blood and recycle iron
c) Absorb nutrients
d) Generate antibodies

A

b) Filter blood and recycle iron

46
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of a primary immune response? (i.e. first exposure)
a) Rapid onset
b) Immediate production of antibodies
c) Production of memory cells
d) Slow onset and gradual increase in antibody levels

A

d) Slow onset and gradual increase in antibody levels

47
Q

Which type of immunity is provided by maternal antibodies transferred through breast milk?
a) Active immunity
b) Passive immunity
c) Innate immunity
d) Adaptive immunity

A

b) Passive immunity

48
Q

What is the purpose of vaccination?
a) To provide passive immunity
b) To stimulate the production of memory cells
c) To immediately neutralise pathogens
d) To directly kill pathogens

A

b) To stimulate the production of memory cells

49
Q

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with allergic reactions?
a) Type I
b) Type II
c) Type III
d) Type IV

A

a) Type I

50
Q

What is the role of dendritic cells in the immune response?
a) Produce antibodies
b) Present antigens to T-cells
c) Destroy infected cells
d) Secrete cytokines

A

b) Present antigens to T-cells

SBI172 (11 decks)

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