Week 3 - Digestion Flashcards
What is the main function of the digestive system?
a) Respiration
b) Digestion
c) Circulation
d) Excretion
b) Digestion
What is ingestion?
a) The release of digestive juices
b) The movement of food through the digestive tract
c) The intake of food
d) The elimination of waste products
c) The intake of food
Which process involves the breakdown of food into chemical components by enzymes?
a) Mechanical Digestion
b) Chemical Digestion
c) Absorption
d) Defecation
b) Chemical Digestion
Where does absorption primarily occur?
a) Large intestine
b) Stomach
c) Small intestine
d) Esophagus
c) Small intestine
Which organ is NOT part of the alimentary canal?
a) Oral cavity
b) Pharynx
c) Liver
d) Esophagus
c) Liver
What are the two roles of the mucosal layer in the GI tract?
a) Secretion of digestive enzymes
b) Absorption of nutrients
c) Mechanical digestion
d) Production of bile
a) Secretion of digestive enzymes
b) Absorption of nutrients
Which layer of the GI tract is responsible for peristalsis?
a) Mucosal Layer
b) Submucosal Layer
c) Muscularis Externa/Propria
d) Serosa
c) Muscularis Externa/Propria
What type of epithelium is found in the stomach?
a) Stratified squamous
b) Simple columnar
c) Transitional
d) Pseudostratified columnar
b) Simple columnar
What is the primary function of the salivary glands?
a) Produce bile
b) Secrete digestive enzymes
c) Produce saliva
d) Store nutrients
c) Produce saliva
What does the term “deciduous teeth” refer to?
a) Permanent teeth
b) Teeth with multiple roots
c) Milk teeth
d) Wisdom teeth
c) Milk teeth
What is the function of the parietal cells in the stomach?
a) Produce mucus
b) Secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor
c) Secrete pepsinogen, gastric lipase
d) Secrete somatostatin, serotonin, histamine
And which cells produce these compounds?
b) Secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor
…..
a) surface mucous cell
b) parietal cell
c) chief cell
d) enteroendocrine cell
Which enzyme breaks down proteins in the stomach?
a) Amylase
b) Lipase
c) Pepsin
d) Lactase
c) Pepsin
What does the liver NOT do?
a) Produce bile
b) Store nutrients
c) Produce insulin
d) Process drugs and hormones
c) Produce insulin
What are the main functions of the large intestine?
a) Absorption of nutrients
b) Mechanical digestion
c) Production of bile
d) Storage of nutrients
a) Absorption of nutrients
b) Mechanical digestion
What is a common treatment for heartburn?
a) Antibiotics
b) Antacids
c) Surgery
d) Vaccination
b) Antacids
What is an early symptom of appendicitis?
a) Pain in the right thoracic region
b) Pain in the umbilical region
c) Pain in the lower left abdomen
d) Pain in the upper left abdomen
b) Pain in the umbilical region
Which condition is characterized by difficulty bad breath?
a) Ankyloglossia
b) Halitosis
c) Impacted teeth
d) Gastric ulcers
b) Halitosis
What causes lactose intolerance?
a) Lack of intrinsic factor
b) Deficiency in lactase enzyme
c) Excessive acid production
d) Infection by H. pylori
b) Deficiency in lactase enzyme
What is the treatment for diverticulosis?
a) Increased fiber intake
b) Antibiotics
c) Surgical removal of the appendix
d) Antacids
a) Increased fiber intake
What role does the gallbladder play in digestion?
a) Produces bile
b) Stores and releases bile
c) Produces digestive enzymes
d) Absorbs nutrients
b) Stores and releases bile
What structure connects the throat to the stomach?
a) Trachea
b) Pharynx
c) Esophagus
d) Duodenum
c) Esophagus
Which part of the small intestine is the longest?
a) Duodenum
b) Jejunum
c) Ileum
d) Cecum
c) Ileum
What is the function of the pancreas in digestion?
a) Produce bile
b) Produce digestive enzymes and hormones
c) Store and concentrate bile
d) Absorb nutrients
b) Produce digestive enzymes and hormones
Which hormone stimulates the release of digestive enzymes and bile?
a) Insulin
b) Glucagon
c) Gastrin
d) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
d) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
What is the function of the appendix?
a) Digestion of fats
b) Immune response
c) Production of digestive enzymes
d) Storage of bile
b) Immune response
Which type of cells in the stomach secrete pepsinogen?
a) Chief cells
b) Parietal cells
c) Mucous cells
d) Enteroendocrine cells
a) Chief cells
What is the primary function of the villi in the small intestine?
a) Secrete digestive enzymes
b) Absorb nutrients
c) Transport waste
d) Produce bile
b) Absorb nutrients
What does the term “peristalsis” refer to?
a) Chemical breakdown of food
b) Absorption of nutrients
c) Involuntary muscle contractions to move food
d) Mechanical breakdown of food
c) Involuntary muscle contractions to move food
Which digestive structure is responsible for nutrient absorption?
a) Stomach
b) Liver
c) Small intestine
d) Large intestine
c) Small intestine
What condition involves inflammation of the liver?
a) Hepatitis
b) Gastritis
c) Enteritis
d) Colitis
a) Hepatitis
What substance is primarily absorbed in the large intestine?
a) Proteins
b) Carbohydrates
c) Fats
d) Water
d) Water
Which enzyme is responsible for carbohydrate digestion in the mouth?
a) Amylase
b) Pepsin
c) Lipase
d) Lactase
a) Amylase
What is the function of the duodenum?
a) Absorbs nutrients
b) Stores bile
c) Receives chyme and digestive enzymes
d) Produces insulin
c) Receives chyme and digestive enzymes
Which part of the GI tract is the site of the majority of nutrient absorption?
a) Duodenum
b) Jejunum
c) Ileum
d) Cecum
b) Jejunum
What is the main role of the serosa layer in the GI tract?
a) Absorb nutrients
b) Protect the digestive tract
c) Secrete digestive enzymes
d) Facilitate peristalsis
b) Protect the digestive tract
What is the primary role of bile?
a) Break down carbohydrates
b) Emulsify fats
c) Digest proteins
d) Absorb vitamins
b) Emulsify fats
Which digestive enzyme breaks down fats?
a) Amylase
b) Pepsin
c) Lipase
d) Lactase
c) Lipase
What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?
a) Regulate bile release
b) Control the release of stomach contents into the small intestine
c) Facilitate nutrient absorption
d) Prevent acid reflux
b) Control the release of stomach contents into the small intestine
What condition is characterized by a hiatal hernia?
a) Stomach lining inflammation
b) Portion of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm
c) Absence of bile production
d) Infection of the small intestine
b) Portion of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm
What is the main function of the salivary amylase?
a) Break down fats
b) Break down proteins
c) Break down carbohydrates
d) Facilitate bile production
c) Break down carbohydrates
What is the two roles of the small intestine’s brush border?
a) Store bile
b) Secrete digestive enzymes
c) Produce mucus
d) Absorb nutrients
b) Secrete digestive enzymes
d) Absorb nutrients
