Week 4 - Digestion and cellular respiration Flashcards
Which nutrient is the body’s primary source of energy? a) Proteins b) Fats c) Carbohydrates d) Vitamins
c) Carbohydrates
What is the monomer of proteins? a) Glycerol b) Fatty acids c) Amino acids d) Monosaccharides
c) Amino acids
Which of the following nutrients is essential for cell membrane structure? a) Proteins b) Fats c) Carbohydrates d) Vitamins
b) Fats
Which vitamin is essential for immune function? a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin B c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin C
Which mineral is crucial for oxygen transport in the body? a) Calcium b) Iron c) Magnesium d) Zinc
b) Iron
What is the main function of carbohydrates in the body? a) Energy storage b) Tissue repair c) Fast energy d) Hormone production
c) Fast energy
Which process breaks down large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy? a) Anabolism b) Catabolism c) Glycogenesis d) Gluconeogenesis
b) Catabolism
What is the function of lipids in the body? a) Protein synthesis b) Energy storage c) Oxygen transport d) Immune response
b) Energy storage
Which of the following is a macronutrient? a) Vitamins b) Minerals c) Water d) Proteins
d) Proteins
Which vitamin is fat-soluble? a) Vitamin B & C b) Vitamin B, C, D & E c) Vitamin A, D, E & K d) Vitamin A, B & C
c) Vitamin A, D, E & K
What is the primary function of proteins in the body? a) Energy storage b) Growth and repair c) Hormone production d) Oxygen transport
b) Growth and repair
Which process describes the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources? a) Glycolysis b) Glycogenolysis c) Gluconeogenesis d) Glycogenesis
c) Gluconeogenesis
Where does glycolysis occur in the cell? a) Nucleus b) Mitochondria c) Cytoplasm d) Endoplasmic reticulum
c) Cytoplasm
What is the end product of glycolysis? a) Glucose b) Pyruvate c) Acetyl CoA d) Lactic acid
b) Pyruvate
Which process involves the breakdown of glycogen into glucose? a) Glycolysis b) Gluconeogenesis c) Glycogenolysis d) Glycogenesis
c) Glycogenolysis
What is the primary function of the Kreb’s cycle? a) Break down glucose b) Produce electron carriers c) Store fat d) Absorb vitamins
b) Produce electron carriers
Which term refers to the breakdown of fatty acids to generate Acetyl-CoA? a) Lipolysis b) Glycolysis c) Beta-Oxidation d) Gluconeogenesis
c) Beta-Oxidation
Which process occurs during oxidative phosphorylation? a) Formation of glycogen b) Breakdown of glucose c) Production of ATP d) Synthesis of proteins
c) Production of ATP
What is the role of NADH in cellular respiration? a) Break down glucose b) Store energy c) Electron carrier d) Oxygen transport
c) Electron carrier
Which process produces the most ATP during cellular respiration? a) Glycolysis b) Kreb’s cycle c) Oxidative phosphorylation d) Gluconeogenesis
c) Oxidative phosphorylation
What is the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)? a) Energy expended during exercise b) Energy used while at rest c) Total daily energy expenditure d) Energy stored in fat
b) Energy used while at rest
Which of the following factors increases BMR? a) Fasting b) Cold environment c) Age d) Antidepressants
b) Cold environment
What is the Total Metabolic Rate (TMR)? a) Energy used while at rest b) Energy used during exercise c) Total energy expended by the body d) Energy stored as fat
c) Total energy expended by the body
What is the core temperature of the body? a) Temperature of the skin b) Temperature of peripheral tissues c) Temperature of internal organs d) Temperature of the blood
c) Temperature of internal organs
What is the role of the hypothalamus in body temperature regulation? a) Senses external temperature b) Produces sweat c) Acts as the body’s thermostat d) Increases BMR
c) Acts as the body’s thermostat
Which mechanism is a heat-promoting response by the body? a) Sweating b) Vasoconstriction c) Vasodilation d) Decreased metabolic rate
b) Vasoconstriction
Which mechanism is a heat-loss response by the body? a) Shivering b) Vasoconstriction c) Increased metabolic rate d) Sweating
d) Sweating
What is radiation in terms of heat loss? a) Transfer of heat through direct contact b) Heat loss through infrared rays c) Heat loss through air d) Heat loss through liquid
b) Heat loss through infrared rays
What is conduction in terms of heat loss? a) Heat loss through air b) Heat loss through water c) Direct transfer of heat d) Heat loss through sweat
c) Direct transfer of heat
What is convection in terms of heat loss? a) Heat loss through air or water moving across the skin b) Heat loss through sweat c) Direct transfer of heat d) Heat loss through infrared rays
a) Heat loss through water moving across the skin
What happens during the absorptive state in metabolism? a) Breakdown of glycogen b) Fat formation c) Protein breakdown d) Glucose formation
b) Fat formation
What process occurs when glycogen stores are depleted? a) Glycolysis b) Lipolysis c) Gluconeogenesis d) Glycogenesis
b) Lipolysis
Which process is responsible for the breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol? a) Lipolysis b) Glycolysis c) Glycogenolysis d) Gluconeogenesis
a) Lipolysis
What is the primary source of glucose in the body during the post-absorptive state? a) Dietary carbohydrates b) Glycogen c) Proteins d) Lipids
b) Glycogen
Which process converts glycerol into an intermediate product of glycolysis? a) Lipogenesis b) Glycogenolysis c) Gluconeogenesis d) Lipolysis
d) Lipolysis
What is the main purpose of gluconeogenesis? a) Store glycogen
b) Form glucose
c) Break down glucose
d) Produce ATP
b) form glucose
What are ketone bodies? a) By-products of protein metabolism b) By-products of fat metabolism c) By-products of carbohydrate metabolism d) By-products of amino acid metabolism
b) By-products of fat metabolism
What is the primary fuel source during prolonged fasting? a) Glycogen b) Protein c) Fatty acids d) Glucose
c) Fatty acids
What is the result of excessive ketone bodies in the body? a) Alkalosis b) Ketosis c) Acidosis d) Hypoglycaemia
b) Ketosis
Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels? a) Insulin b) Glucagon c) Cortisol d) Adrenaline
a) Insulin
Which hormone increases blood glucose levels during the post-absorptive state? a) Insulin b) Glucagon c) Cortisol d) Thyroid hormone
b) Glucagon
What is the role of cortisol in metabolism? a) Lower blood sugar b) Promote fat storage c) Promote gluconeogenesis d) Promote protein synthesis
c) Promote gluconeogenesis
Which hormone stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver? a) Insulin b) Glucagon c) Adrenaline d) Thyroid hormone
b) Glucagon
What is the primary function of insulin in the body? a) Increase blood sugar b) Promote fat breakdown c) Promote glucose uptake by cells d) Promote protein breakdown
c) Promote glucose uptake by cells
What effect does adrenaline have on the body during a fight-or-flight response? a) Decrease heart rate b) Increase blood sugar c) Promote digestion d) Lower blood pressure
b) Increase blood sugar
Which hormone is responsible for increasing metabolic rate? a) Cortisol b) Thyroid hormone c) Glucagon d) Insulin
b) Thyroid hormone
What is the effect of thyroid hormones on body temperature? a) Increase b) Decrease c) No effect d) Stabilise
a) Increase
What process occurs during the post-absorptive state to maintain blood glucose levels? a) Glycogenesis b) Glycolysis c) Gluconeogenesis d) Lipogenesis
c) Gluconeogenesis
Which process increases during the absorptive state to store excess nutrients? a) Gluconeogenesis b) Glycogenolysis c) Lipolysis d) Lipogenesis
d) Lipogenesis
What is the primary function of B vitamins in energy metabolism? a) Direct energy source b) Cofactors in enzyme reactions c) Fat storage d) Blood sugar regulation
b) Cofactors in enzyme reactions
