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SBI172 > Week 4 - Digestion and cellular respiration > Flashcards

Week 4 - Digestion and cellular respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Which nutrient is the body’s primary source of energy? a) Proteins b) Fats c) Carbohydrates d) Vitamins

A

c) Carbohydrates

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2
Q

What is the monomer of proteins? a) Glycerol b) Fatty acids c) Amino acids d) Monosaccharides

A

c) Amino acids

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3
Q

Which of the following nutrients is essential for cell membrane structure? a) Proteins b) Fats c) Carbohydrates d) Vitamins

A

b) Fats

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4
Q

Which vitamin is essential for immune function? a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin B c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin D

A

c) Vitamin C

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5
Q

Which mineral is crucial for oxygen transport in the body? a) Calcium b) Iron c) Magnesium d) Zinc

A

b) Iron

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6
Q

What is the main function of carbohydrates in the body? a) Energy storage b) Tissue repair c) Fast energy d) Hormone production

A

c) Fast energy

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7
Q

Which process breaks down large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy? a) Anabolism b) Catabolism c) Glycogenesis d) Gluconeogenesis

A

b) Catabolism

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8
Q

What is the function of lipids in the body? a) Protein synthesis b) Energy storage c) Oxygen transport d) Immune response

A

b) Energy storage

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9
Q

Which of the following is a macronutrient? a) Vitamins b) Minerals c) Water d) Proteins

A

d) Proteins

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10
Q

Which vitamin is fat-soluble? a) Vitamin B & C b) Vitamin B, C, D & E c) Vitamin A, D, E & K d) Vitamin A, B & C

A

c) Vitamin A, D, E & K

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11
Q

What is the primary function of proteins in the body? a) Energy storage b) Growth and repair c) Hormone production d) Oxygen transport

A

b) Growth and repair

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12
Q

Which process describes the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources? a) Glycolysis b) Glycogenolysis c) Gluconeogenesis d) Glycogenesis

A

c) Gluconeogenesis

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13
Q

Where does glycolysis occur in the cell? a) Nucleus b) Mitochondria c) Cytoplasm d) Endoplasmic reticulum

A

c) Cytoplasm

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14
Q

What is the end product of glycolysis? a) Glucose b) Pyruvate c) Acetyl CoA d) Lactic acid

A

b) Pyruvate

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15
Q

Which process involves the breakdown of glycogen into glucose? a) Glycolysis b) Gluconeogenesis c) Glycogenolysis d) Glycogenesis

A

c) Glycogenolysis

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16
Q

What is the primary function of the Kreb’s cycle? a) Break down glucose b) Produce electron carriers c) Store fat d) Absorb vitamins

A

b) Produce electron carriers

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17
Q

Which term refers to the breakdown of fatty acids to generate Acetyl-CoA? a) Lipolysis b) Glycolysis c) Beta-Oxidation d) Gluconeogenesis

A

c) Beta-Oxidation

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18
Q

Which process occurs during oxidative phosphorylation? a) Formation of glycogen b) Breakdown of glucose c) Production of ATP d) Synthesis of proteins

A

c) Production of ATP

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19
Q

What is the role of NADH in cellular respiration? a) Break down glucose b) Store energy c) Electron carrier d) Oxygen transport

A

c) Electron carrier

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20
Q

Which process produces the most ATP during cellular respiration? a) Glycolysis b) Kreb’s cycle c) Oxidative phosphorylation d) Gluconeogenesis

A

c) Oxidative phosphorylation

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21
Q

What is the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)? a) Energy expended during exercise b) Energy used while at rest c) Total daily energy expenditure d) Energy stored in fat

A

b) Energy used while at rest

22
Q

Which of the following factors increases BMR? a) Fasting b) Cold environment c) Age d) Antidepressants

A

b) Cold environment

23
Q

What is the Total Metabolic Rate (TMR)? a) Energy used while at rest b) Energy used during exercise c) Total energy expended by the body d) Energy stored as fat

A

c) Total energy expended by the body

24
Q

What is the core temperature of the body? a) Temperature of the skin b) Temperature of peripheral tissues c) Temperature of internal organs d) Temperature of the blood

A

c) Temperature of internal organs

25
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus in body temperature regulation? a) Senses external temperature b) Produces sweat c) Acts as the body’s thermostat d) Increases BMR

A

c) Acts as the body’s thermostat

26
Q

Which mechanism is a heat-promoting response by the body? a) Sweating b) Vasoconstriction c) Vasodilation d) Decreased metabolic rate

A

b) Vasoconstriction

27
Q

Which mechanism is a heat-loss response by the body? a) Shivering b) Vasoconstriction c) Increased metabolic rate d) Sweating

A

d) Sweating

28
Q

What is radiation in terms of heat loss? a) Transfer of heat through direct contact b) Heat loss through infrared rays c) Heat loss through air d) Heat loss through liquid

A

b) Heat loss through infrared rays

29
Q

What is conduction in terms of heat loss? a) Heat loss through air b) Heat loss through water c) Direct transfer of heat d) Heat loss through sweat

A

c) Direct transfer of heat

30
Q

What is convection in terms of heat loss? a) Heat loss through air or water moving across the skin b) Heat loss through sweat c) Direct transfer of heat d) Heat loss through infrared rays

A

a) Heat loss through water moving across the skin

31
Q

What happens during the absorptive state in metabolism? a) Breakdown of glycogen b) Fat formation c) Protein breakdown d) Glucose formation

A

b) Fat formation

32
Q

What process occurs when glycogen stores are depleted? a) Glycolysis b) Lipolysis c) Gluconeogenesis d) Glycogenesis

A

b) Lipolysis

33
Q

Which process is responsible for the breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol? a) Lipolysis b) Glycolysis c) Glycogenolysis d) Gluconeogenesis

A

a) Lipolysis

34
Q

What is the primary source of glucose in the body during the post-absorptive state? a) Dietary carbohydrates b) Glycogen c) Proteins d) Lipids

A

b) Glycogen

35
Q

Which process converts glycerol into an intermediate product of glycolysis? a) Lipogenesis b) Glycogenolysis c) Gluconeogenesis d) Lipolysis

A

d) Lipolysis

36
Q

What is the main purpose of gluconeogenesis? a) Store glycogen
b) Form glucose
c) Break down glucose
d) Produce ATP

A

b) form glucose

37
Q

What are ketone bodies? a) By-products of protein metabolism b) By-products of fat metabolism c) By-products of carbohydrate metabolism d) By-products of amino acid metabolism

A

b) By-products of fat metabolism

38
Q

What is the primary fuel source during prolonged fasting? a) Glycogen b) Protein c) Fatty acids d) Glucose

A

c) Fatty acids

39
Q

What is the result of excessive ketone bodies in the body? a) Alkalosis b) Ketosis c) Acidosis d) Hypoglycaemia

A

b) Ketosis

40
Q

Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels? a) Insulin b) Glucagon c) Cortisol d) Adrenaline

A

a) Insulin

41
Q

Which hormone increases blood glucose levels during the post-absorptive state? a) Insulin b) Glucagon c) Cortisol d) Thyroid hormone

A

b) Glucagon

42
Q

What is the role of cortisol in metabolism? a) Lower blood sugar b) Promote fat storage c) Promote gluconeogenesis d) Promote protein synthesis

A

c) Promote gluconeogenesis

43
Q

Which hormone stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver? a) Insulin b) Glucagon c) Adrenaline d) Thyroid hormone

A

b) Glucagon

44
Q

What is the primary function of insulin in the body? a) Increase blood sugar b) Promote fat breakdown c) Promote glucose uptake by cells d) Promote protein breakdown

A

c) Promote glucose uptake by cells

45
Q

What effect does adrenaline have on the body during a fight-or-flight response? a) Decrease heart rate b) Increase blood sugar c) Promote digestion d) Lower blood pressure

A

b) Increase blood sugar

46
Q

Which hormone is responsible for increasing metabolic rate? a) Cortisol b) Thyroid hormone c) Glucagon d) Insulin

A

b) Thyroid hormone

47
Q

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on body temperature? a) Increase b) Decrease c) No effect d) Stabilise

A

a) Increase

48
Q

What process occurs during the post-absorptive state to maintain blood glucose levels? a) Glycogenesis b) Glycolysis c) Gluconeogenesis d) Lipogenesis

A

c) Gluconeogenesis

49
Q

Which process increases during the absorptive state to store excess nutrients? a) Gluconeogenesis b) Glycogenolysis c) Lipolysis d) Lipogenesis

A

d) Lipogenesis

50
Q

What is the primary function of B vitamins in energy metabolism? a) Direct energy source b) Cofactors in enzyme reactions c) Fat storage d) Blood sugar regulation

A

b) Cofactors in enzyme reactions

SBI172 (11 decks)

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