Week8C1 : Taxonomy eukaryotes II

Question 1

paramecium is a ____

Answer 1

ciliate (alveolate group)

Question 2

What are the three sub-group of the alveolate group?

Answer 2

ciliate, dinoflagellate and apicomplexans

Question 3

Alveolates are characterized by the presence of ____

Answer 3

alveoli, which are sacs underneath the cytoplasmic membrane to maintain osmotic balance or has a contracile vacuole

Question 4

Ciliates are characterized by the presence of ____

Answer 4

two nuclei, the macronuclei and micronuclei

Question 5

T or F : Some ciliates are animal parasites, some are animal symbionts (in the rumen).

Answer 5

true

Question 6

**Dinoflagellates are characterized by the presence of ____

Answer 6

two flagella with different insertion points (transverse flagellum and longitudinal flagellum)

Question 7

What is the microorganism responsible for the red tides?

Answer 7

dinoflagellates

Question 8

Why are dinoflagellate toxic

Answer 8

because they secrete neurotoxins

Question 9

Which microorganisms is known to cause toxoplasmosis, malaria and coccidiosis

Answer 9

apicomplexans

Question 10

apicomplexans are characterized by the presence of ____

Answer 10

apicoplasts (degenerate chloroplasts)

Question 11

what are apicoplasts?

Answer 11

degenerated chloroplast that lacks pigment and can’t do phototrophic but can do anabolic pathways

Question 12

What is the infectious form of the apicomplexan

Answer 12

sporozoite

Question 13

Which microorganisms have apicoplasts

Answer 13

apicomplexans

Question 14

***stramenopiles are characterized by the presence of ____

Answer 14

flagella with many short hairlike extensions

Question 15

What are the major subgroups of the stramenopiles?

Answer 15

1. golden algae
2. brown algae
3. diatoms
4. oomycetes

Question 16

oomycetes are ____ (chemoheterotrophs, chemoautotrophs or phototrophs)

Answer 16

chemoheterotrops

Question 17

What is the difference between oomycetes and fungi?

Answer 17

the cell wall of oomycetes is made of cellulose

Question 18

What is the microorganism responsible for the blight disease in potatoes

Answer 18

oomycetes –> phytophtora infestans

Question 19

What is the pigment that dominate in the golden algae

Answer 19

flucoxanthin

Question 20

Golden algae are colonial or unicellular

Answer 20

unicellular

Question 21

What is the other name of the golden algae

Answer 21

chrysophytes

Question 22

diatoms are characterized by the presence of ____

Answer 22

cell wall made of silica (frustule)

Question 23

What is the name of the celll wall of the diatoms?

Answer 23

frustules

Question 24

Diatoms are ___ (uni or pluricellular) and ____ (phototrophic, chemoheterotrophs ..)

Answer 24

unicellular

phototrophic

Question 25

What are the subgroups of the rhizaria?

Answer 25

1. cercozoans | 2. radiolarians

Question 26

cercozoans and radiolarians (rhizaria) are characterized by the presence of ____

Answer 26

pseudopods

Question 27

What is the name of the structure formed by the cercozoans and the radiolarians

Answer 27

tests

Question 28

***Tests are made of ____ for the cercozoans

Answer 28

organic materials reinforced with calcium carbonate

Question 29

***Tests are made of ____ for the radiolarians

Answer 29

silica

Question 30

T or F : cercozoans and radiolarians can use their pseudopods for motility

Answer 30

false

Question 31

Are cercozoans marine or heterotrophic organisms?

Answer 31

exclusivley marine organisms

Question 32

Are radiolarians marine or heterotrophic organisms?

Answer 32

mostly marine and heterotrophic

Question 33

**pseudopods of rhizaria are ____ while pseudopod or ameobozoa are ___

Answer 33

threadlike | lob shaped

Question 34

What are the subgroups of the amoebozoa?

Answer 34

Gymnamoebas, entamoebas and slime molds

Question 35

***Rhizaria are unicellular or pluricellular

Answer 35

unicellular

Question 36

Amoebozoa move by ____

Answer 36

cytoplasmic streaminf (amoeboid movment)

Question 37

T or F : Entamoebas are freeliving, inhabit soil and aquatic environments

Answer 37

False, they are parasites of the vertebrates ad invertrabrates. The Gymnamoebas are free-living

Question 38

What are the two types of slime molds?

Answer 38

plasmodial slime molds | cellular slime molds

Question 39

What are the differences between the cellular slime molds and plasmodial slime molds

Answer 39

1. amoeba cells in the pseudoplasmodium don't fuse together 2. amoeba cells exists has an haploid state in the pseudoplasmodium 3. vegetative form of the cellular slime mold is haploid

Question 40

In ____ slime molds, the spore germinate yielding a swarmer cell and a ameoboid cell

Answer 40

plasmodial

Question 41

***The vegetative form of the plasmodial slime molds is ____

Answer 41

masses of protoplasms (cytplasm, nucleus and organelle) in the diploid diploid form, forming the plasmodium

Question 42

Compare and contrast the lifestyles of gymnamoebas and entamoebas.

Answer 42

Gymnamobas : free-living, inhabits soils and aquatic environements Entomoebas : parasitic vertebrate and invertabrates

Question 43

How can amoebozoans be distinguished from rhizaria?

Answer 43

``` amoebozoans : -pseudopod lob shaped -aquatic and terestrial Rhizaria : -Thread-like pseudopod -mostly marine -shell-like structure called test ```

Question 44

What are the subgroups of the fungi?

Answer 44

- mushroom - yeast - molds

Question 45

Name of the hyphaea configuration in which cytoplasm and nuclei are not subdivided into cells.

Answer 45

In ceonocytic hypha or aseptate

Question 46

Name of the hyphaea configuration in which nuclei are separated by cross wall (called the septum).

Answer 46

septate hypha

Question 47

What is the name of the spores of fungi

Answer 47

conidia

Question 48

How does the fungi feed?

Answer 48

Feed by secreting extracellular enzymes that digest complex organic materials (polymers). Monomers, or short polymers are then assimilated.

Question 49

Name two symbiotic associations of fungi

Answer 49

1. mycrorrhiza | 2. lichens

Question 50

Lichen is an association between ___ and ___

Answer 50

fungi and algea or cyanobacteria

Question 51

mycrorrhiza is an association between ___ and ___

Answer 51

green plant and glomeromycetes

Question 52

What is the name of the specialized hyphae that penetrate the plant cells and consume the cytoplasm.

Answer 52

haustoria

Question 53

Candida albicans invades the mucosa by the formation of _____

Answer 53

haustoria

Question 54

What are the three ways fungus reproduce by asexual means?

Answer 54

1. simple cell division (budding) 2. formation of spores 3. spread of hyphal filaments

Question 55

What is the name of the mushroom spores

Answer 55

basidiospores. They are held on the basidiocarp

Question 56

In the sexual reproduction of sccharomyces cerevisiae an ___ and an ___ fuse together to form a diploid yeast

Answer 56

alpha and a

Question 57

Yeast are ____cellular that can reproduce ____

Answer 57

unicellular | asexually or sexually