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LSCI230 > Week8C1 : Taxonomy eukaryotes II > Flashcards

Week8C1 : Taxonomy eukaryotes II Flashcards

1
Q

paramecium is a ____

A

ciliate (alveolate group)

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2
Q

What are the three sub-group of the alveolate group?

A

ciliate, dinoflagellate and apicomplexans

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3
Q

Alveolates are characterized by the presence of ____

A

alveoli, which are sacs underneath the cytoplasmic membrane to maintain osmotic balance or has a contracile vacuole

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4
Q

Ciliates are characterized by the presence of ____

A

two nuclei, the macronuclei and micronuclei

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5
Q

T or F : Some ciliates are animal parasites, some are animal symbionts (in the rumen).

A

true

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6
Q

**Dinoflagellates are characterized by the presence of ____

A

two flagella with different insertion points (transverse flagellum and longitudinal flagellum)

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7
Q

What is the microorganism responsible for the red tides?

A

dinoflagellates

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8
Q

Why are dinoflagellate toxic

A

because they secrete neurotoxins

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9
Q

Which microorganisms is known to cause toxoplasmosis, malaria and coccidiosis

A

apicomplexans

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10
Q

apicomplexans are characterized by the presence of ____

A

apicoplasts (degenerate chloroplasts)

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11
Q

what are apicoplasts?

A

degenerated chloroplast that lacks pigment and can’t do phototrophic but can do anabolic pathways

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12
Q

What is the infectious form of the apicomplexan

A

sporozoite

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13
Q

Which microorganisms have apicoplasts

A

apicomplexans

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14
Q

***stramenopiles are characterized by the presence of ____

A

flagella with many short hairlike extensions

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15
Q

What are the major subgroups of the stramenopiles?

A
  1. golden algae
  2. brown algae
  3. diatoms
  4. oomycetes
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16
Q

oomycetes are ____ (chemoheterotrophs, chemoautotrophs or phototrophs)

A

chemoheterotrops

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17
Q

What is the difference between oomycetes and fungi?

A

the cell wall of oomycetes is made of cellulose

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18
Q

What is the microorganism responsible for the blight disease in potatoes

A

oomycetes –> phytophtora infestans

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19
Q

What is the pigment that dominate in the golden algae

A

flucoxanthin

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20
Q

Golden algae are colonial or unicellular

A

unicellular

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21
Q

What is the other name of the golden algae

A

chrysophytes

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22
Q

diatoms are characterized by the presence of ____

A

cell wall made of silica (frustule)

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23
Q

What is the name of the celll wall of the diatoms?

A

frustules

24
Q

Diatoms are ___ (uni or pluricellular) and ____ (phototrophic, chemoheterotrophs ..)

A

unicellular

phototrophic

25
Q

What are the subgroups of the rhizaria?

A
  1. cercozoans

2. radiolarians

26
Q

cercozoans and radiolarians (rhizaria) are characterized by the presence of ____

A

pseudopods

27
Q

What is the name of the structure formed by the cercozoans and the radiolarians

A

tests

28
Q

***Tests are made of ____ for the cercozoans

A

organic materials reinforced with calcium carbonate

29
Q

***Tests are made of ____ for the radiolarians

A

silica

30
Q

T or F : cercozoans and radiolarians can use their pseudopods for motility

A

false

31
Q

Are cercozoans marine or heterotrophic organisms?

A

exclusivley marine organisms

32
Q

Are radiolarians marine or heterotrophic organisms?

A

mostly marine and heterotrophic

33
Q

**pseudopods of rhizaria are ____ while pseudopod or ameobozoa are ___

A

threadlike

lob shaped

34
Q

What are the subgroups of the amoebozoa?

A

Gymnamoebas, entamoebas and slime molds

35
Q

***Rhizaria are unicellular or pluricellular

A

unicellular

36
Q

Amoebozoa move by ____

A

cytoplasmic streaminf (amoeboid movment)

37
Q

T or F : Entamoebas are freeliving, inhabit soil and aquatic environments

A

False, they are parasites of the vertebrates ad invertrabrates. The Gymnamoebas are free-living

38
Q

What are the two types of slime molds?

A

plasmodial slime molds

cellular slime molds

39
Q

What are the differences between the cellular slime molds and plasmodial slime molds

A
  1. amoeba cells in the pseudoplasmodium don’t fuse together
  2. amoeba cells exists has an haploid state in the pseudoplasmodium
  3. vegetative form of the cellular slime mold is haploid
40
Q

In ____ slime molds, the spore germinate yielding a swarmer cell and a ameoboid cell

A

plasmodial

41
Q

***The vegetative form of the plasmodial slime molds is ____

A

masses of protoplasms (cytplasm, nucleus and organelle) in the diploid diploid form, forming the plasmodium

42
Q

Compare and contrast the lifestyles of gymnamoebas and entamoebas.

A

Gymnamobas : free-living, inhabits soils and aquatic environements
Entomoebas : parasitic vertebrate and invertabrates

43
Q

How can amoebozoans be distinguished from rhizaria?

A 
amoebozoans : 
-pseudopod lob shaped
-aquatic and terestrial 
Rhizaria : 
-Thread-like pseudopod
-mostly marine 
-shell-like structure called test
44
Q

What are the subgroups of the fungi?

A
  • mushroom
  • yeast
  • molds
45
Q

Name of the hyphaea configuration in which cytoplasm and nuclei are not subdivided into cells.

A

In ceonocytic hypha or aseptate

46
Q

Name of the hyphaea configuration in which nuclei are separated by cross wall
(called the septum).

A

septate hypha

47
Q

What is the name of the spores of fungi

A

conidia

48
Q

How does the fungi feed?

A

Feed by secreting extracellular enzymes that digest complex organic materials (polymers). Monomers, or short polymers are then assimilated.

49
Q

Name two symbiotic associations of fungi

A
  1. mycrorrhiza

2. lichens

50
Q

Lichen is an association between ___ and ___

A

fungi and algea or cyanobacteria

51
Q

mycrorrhiza is an association between ___ and ___

A

green plant and glomeromycetes

52
Q

What is the name of the specialized hyphae that penetrate the plant cells and consume the cytoplasm.

A

haustoria

53
Q

Candida albicans invades the mucosa by the formation of _____

A

haustoria

54
Q

What are the three ways fungus reproduce by asexual means?

A
  1. simple cell division (budding)
  2. formation of spores
  3. spread of hyphal filaments
55
Q

What is the name of the mushroom spores

A

basidiospores. They are held on the basidiocarp

56
Q

In the sexual reproduction of sccharomyces cerevisiae an ___ and an ___ fuse together to form a diploid yeast

A

alpha and a

57
Q

Yeast are ____cellular that can reproduce ____

A

unicellular

asexually or sexually

LSCI230 (20 decks)

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