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LSCI230 > Week12C1 : pathogens > Flashcards

Week12C1 : pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

the endotoxins are heat ____ while the exotoxins are heat ____

A

endotoxin are heat stable while exotoxins are heat labile

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2
Q

is there any antibodies relesed for LPS?

A

no

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3
Q

** T or F : the LPS is a very effective activator of the immune system

A

true

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4
Q

the gram___ bacteria effectively activate the immune system

A
  • (because of the endotoxin lipidA)
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5
Q

**what is the name of the form of innactivated toxin used in vaccines

A

toxoid

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6
Q

is there a vaccine against endotoxin?

A

no because can’t be innactivated by formaldehyde or heat.

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7
Q

___ toxin produces fever

A

endotoxin

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8
Q

gram - are all ___toxin

A

endotoxin

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9
Q

what are pathogenicity islands?

A

specific region of the chromosome that encode for virulence factors

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10
Q

name the virulence factors seen in class

A
  1. adhesiin
  2. capsule
  3. invasins
  4. type 3 and type 4 secretion system
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11
Q

what are the two basic features of virulence

A
  1. invasivness

2. toxigenicity

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12
Q

define invasiness

A

capacity of a microorganisms to become establish in the host system

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13
Q

define toxigenicity

A

capacity of a microorganism to produce toxins

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14
Q

**which one is more specific, invasive microorganisms or toxic microorganisms

A

toxic.

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15
Q

where does the afimbiral adhesin attaches

A

to the glyco and lipo proteins of the cells (close attachment)

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16
Q

where does the fimbiral adhesin attaches

A

attachement to the polymrs of the fimbria or pili (loose attachement)

17
Q

what are the two pathogens that uses the capsule method for the invasion of tissues

A

the streptococcus pneumonia and the haemophilus influenza and e.coli

18
Q

** the capsule is only a virulence factor

A

not always, used by many non-pathogenic bacteria

19
Q

name this enzyme: degrade hyaluronic acid

A

hyaluronidase

20
Q

what are the pathogene that uses hyaluronidase to invade cells

A
  1. streptococci
  2. staphylococci
  3. clostridia
21
Q

name this enzyme: degrades the protein collagen present in connective tissues. what pathogen uses this enzyme

A

collagenase, clostridium

22
Q

degrades lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) in cell membrane and causes lysis of the RBC and destroys tissues.

A

lechinase

23
Q

name a pathhogen that uses lecithinase

A

clostridium

24
Q

what is the action of this enzyme: hemolysin

A

causes the lysis of red blood cells

25
Q

name the enzymes seen in class that are in the category of hemolysin

A

lecithinase, phospholipase

26
Q

what are the different method of invasiveness

A 
adhesin
capsules
invasins
enzyme that destroy tissues
type 3 secretion system and type 4
27
Q

what is the action of this enzyme: leucocidin

A

causes lysis of the leucocytes.

28
Q

what are the pathogens that uses leucocidin

A

staphylococci, streptococci and gram negative

29
Q

what is the action of this enzyme: coagulase

A

causes the fibrin to be deposited on bacterial cells and cloaks the bacteria from the immune system

30
Q

what pathogens uses coagulase

A

staphylococci

31
Q

what are the pathogens that use invasins

A

mycobacterium, salmonella, listeria and chlamydia

32
Q

the gram ____ uses the T3SS and T4SS

A

negative

33
Q

name the steps in the T3SS invasion

A
  1. invasion
  2. blocking of the phagosome maturation
  3. take controle of host cell
34
Q

in the case of diphteria, the site a of the AB toxin will interfere with the ____

A

ADP-ribosyltransferase

35
Q

what is the effect of the a subunit in the AB5 toxin of the vibrio cholarea

A

activation of adenylate cyclase (increase of CAMP) and so no Na+ can enter and Cl- and HCO3- are released from the cell.

36
Q

the gram ___ contain lipid A, an endotoxin

A

negative

37
Q

T or F : the endotoxins are very effective activators of the immune system

A

true

LSCI230 (20 decks)

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