Week12C1 : pathogens

Question 1

the endotoxins are heat ____ while the exotoxins are heat ____

Answer 1

endotoxin are heat stable while exotoxins are heat labile

Question 2

is there any antibodies relesed for LPS?

Answer 2

no

Question 3

** T or F : the LPS is a very effective activator of the immune system

Answer 3

true

Question 4

the gram___ bacteria effectively activate the immune system

Answer 4

• (because of the endotoxin lipidA)

Question 5

**what is the name of the form of innactivated toxin used in vaccines

Answer 5

toxoid

Question 6

is there a vaccine against endotoxin?

Answer 6

no because can’t be innactivated by formaldehyde or heat.

Question 7

___ toxin produces fever

Answer 7

endotoxin

Question 8

gram - are all ___toxin

Answer 8

endotoxin

Question 9

what are pathogenicity islands?

Answer 9

specific region of the chromosome that encode for virulence factors

Question 10

name the virulence factors seen in class

Answer 10

1. adhesiin
2. capsule
3. invasins
4. type 3 and type 4 secretion system

Question 11

what are the two basic features of virulence

Answer 11

1. invasivness

2. toxigenicity

Question 12

define invasiness

Answer 12

capacity of a microorganisms to become establish in the host system

Question 13

define toxigenicity

Answer 13

capacity of a microorganism to produce toxins

Question 14

**which one is more specific, invasive microorganisms or toxic microorganisms

Answer 14

toxic.

Question 15

where does the afimbiral adhesin attaches

Answer 15

to the glyco and lipo proteins of the cells (close attachment)

Question 16

where does the fimbiral adhesin attaches

Answer 16

attachement to the polymrs of the fimbria or pili (loose attachement)

Question 17

what are the two pathogens that uses the capsule method for the invasion of tissues

Answer 17

the streptococcus pneumonia and the haemophilus influenza and e.coli

Question 18

** the capsule is only a virulence factor

Answer 18

not always, used by many non-pathogenic bacteria

Question 19

name this enzyme: degrade hyaluronic acid

Answer 19

hyaluronidase

Question 20

what are the pathogene that uses hyaluronidase to invade cells

Answer 20

1. streptococci
2. staphylococci
3. clostridia

Question 21

name this enzyme: degrades the protein collagen present in connective tissues. what pathogen uses this enzyme

Answer 21

collagenase, clostridium

Question 22

degrades lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) in cell membrane and causes lysis of the RBC and destroys tissues.

Answer 22

lechinase

Question 23

name a pathhogen that uses lecithinase

Answer 23

clostridium

Question 24

what is the action of this enzyme: hemolysin

Answer 24

causes the lysis of red blood cells

Question 25

name the enzymes seen in class that are in the category of hemolysin

Answer 25

lecithinase, phospholipase

Question 26

what are the different method of invasiveness

Answer 26

``` adhesin capsules invasins enzyme that destroy tissues type 3 secretion system and type 4 ```

Question 27

what is the action of this enzyme: leucocidin

Answer 27

causes lysis of the leucocytes.

Question 28

what are the pathogens that uses leucocidin

Answer 28

staphylococci, streptococci and gram negative

Question 29

what is the action of this enzyme: coagulase

Answer 29

causes the fibrin to be deposited on bacterial cells and cloaks the bacteria from the immune system

Question 30

what pathogens uses coagulase

Answer 30

staphylococci

Question 31

what are the pathogens that use invasins

Answer 31

mycobacterium, salmonella, listeria and chlamydia

Question 32

the gram ____ uses the T3SS and T4SS

Answer 32

negative

Question 33

name the steps in the T3SS invasion

Answer 33

1. invasion 2. blocking of the phagosome maturation 3. take controle of host cell

Question 34

in the case of diphteria, the site a of the AB toxin will interfere with the ____

Answer 34

ADP-ribosyltransferase

Question 35

what is the effect of the a subunit in the AB5 toxin of the vibrio cholarea

Answer 35

activation of adenylate cyclase (increase of CAMP) and so no Na+ can enter and Cl- and HCO3- are released from the cell.

Question 36

the gram ___ contain lipid A, an endotoxin

Answer 36

negative

Question 37

T or F : the endotoxins are very effective activators of the immune system

Answer 37

true