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LSCI230 > week11 : microbiology of animals > Flashcards

week11 : microbiology of animals Flashcards

1
Q

The pathogenicity is the ability to ___ the host

A

damage

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2
Q

T or F : the normal microbiome contains opportunistic pathogens

A

t

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3
Q

What is a opportunistic pathogen?

A

a pathogen that causes disease only in the absence of normal host resistance

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4
Q

What is the rumen?

A

the foregut fermentation chamber

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5
Q

T or F : the rumen is an aerobic environement

A

false it is anaerobic

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6
Q

how is maintained the pH of the rumen?

A

by the sodium bicarbonate and the sodium phopsphate of the saliva

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7
Q

What are the products of the fermentation in the rumen?

A

volatile FA (acetic, propionic and butyric), CH4 and CO2.

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8
Q

t or f : the FA produced by fermentation in the rumen can pass through the wall and be utilized by the animal

A

t

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9
Q

the ruminococcacea are within the category of the ___

A

furmicute

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10
Q

t or f : the three domain are found in the rumen

A

true, protozoa, archae and bacteria

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11
Q

What are the three principal organisms found in the rumen?

A

firmicutes, bacterioidetes and eukrysrchaeota

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12
Q

Firmicutes are gram ___

A

+

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13
Q

bacteroidetes are gram ___

A

-

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14
Q

T or F :the methanogens are eukaryotes

A

false they are euryarchaeoata

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15
Q

Why do we want to inhibit the methanogenesis with monensin?

A

because the acetate produced in the rumen could be used as energy by the cow. However, the methanogens transform the acetate into CH4 (loss of energy from feed).

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16
Q

what is the role of the omasum?

A

to let go of collect the excess water

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17
Q

What is the name of the stomach in the ruminants?

A

abomasum

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18
Q

T or F : herbivores are ruminant

A

false, there is non-ruminant herbivores

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19
Q

T or F : the hindgut fermenters have a higher dietary requirement for amino acids and vitamins than the ruminants

A

true

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20
Q

the symbiose example between the _____ bacteria and the ____ is a good example of how symbioses are established

A

aliivibrio fischeri and the hawain bobtail squid

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21
Q

What are the two microorganissm found in the termites that can be found in ruminants

A

bacteriodetes and the firmicutes

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22
Q

termites are foregut or hindgut fermenters

A

hindgut

23
Q

what is the microorganism that is found in the termites and not found in the ruminants

A

the spirochette

24
Q

at birth the microbiome of humans is mostly composed of ____

A

firmicutes

25
Q

when food is introduced after birth the ____ are introduced in the microbiome

A

bacteroidetes

26
Q

at 6 days of age, the microbiome is composed of ___ and ___

A

firmicutes and proteobacteria

27
Q

when is the microbiome the least stable

A

during infancy

28
Q

when is the microbiome the more stable

A

during adulthood

29
Q

the species that colonize the ducts of the skin are gram ____

A

+

30
Q

what is the compound secreted by the normal microbiome of the skin

A

bacteriocin

31
Q

propiobobacterium acnes is a ____ aerobe or anaerobe

A

anaerobe aerotolerant that inhabit the hair canal

32
Q

what are the domain of microorganisms that live on the skin

A

yeats, molds and bacteria

33
Q

T or F : the microbiome of the skin contains archae

A

false

34
Q

the microflora of the skin is mostly composed of gram___

A

+

35
Q

What are the most common microorganism found in the microflora of the skin

A

firmicutes and actinobacteia

36
Q

what are the common gram negative found in the microflora of the skin

A

bacteriodetes and proteobacteria

37
Q

what is one of the microorganism causing dental plaque*****

A

streptococcus mutans

38
Q

how does the streptococcus mutans attached to the tooth surface

A

by synthesis of dextran (extracell polysaccharide)

39
Q

how are cavities produced**

A

by the fermentation of sucrose into lactic acid that solubilise the tooth enamel

40
Q

are streptococcus mutans able to ferment sucrose

A

yes

41
Q

T or F : in the human colon there is only anaerobes

A

false, there is also facultative aerobes

42
Q

what are the two most common microorganism in the colon of humans

A

bacteriodetes and firmicutes

43
Q

what is the microorganism found in ruminant and not in the colon of humans?

A

eukaryoarchaeota

44
Q

T or F : the microorganisms in the colon can digest cellulose

A

true

45
Q

what are the two amino acid used by sulfate reducers to produce hydrogen sulfide

A

methionine and cysteine

46
Q

what is responsible for the smell in the colon

A

the methanethiol produced by sulfate reducers

47
Q

lean mices have more ___ while obese mice have more ___

A

lean –> methanogens

obese –> bacteroidetes

48
Q

**T or F : the lower respiratory tract is sterile

A

false, but is as a low biomass

49
Q

what are the three potential pathogens foound in the nasopharynx

A
  1. streptococcus pneumoniae
  2. haemophilus influenzae
  3. neisseria meningitidis
50
Q

What are the two microorganisms of the gastrointestinal tract that can cause urinary infections

A

e coli

proteus mirabillis

51
Q

what is the normal pH of the vagina of a sexually mature women

A

acidic (4.5)

52
Q

**why is the pH of the sexually mature women acidic

A

because of the lactobacilli degrading the glycogen produced by hormones

53
Q

what is the yeast found in the vagina

A

candida albicans

LSCI230 (20 decks)

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