W10-C1 : microbiology of water Flashcards
What are the factors that influence the number of phytooplankton?
- light
- temperature
- availability of specific limiting nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus
What are the two limiting nutrients in of the phytoplankton?
- nitrogen
2. phosphorus
What is the name of the zone in which the light can penetrate in the water?
photic zone
T or F : phytoplankton is eukaryote
false, cyanobacteria is also a phytoplankton and it is a bacteria.
What is the term of the organisms that live in the salt water?
halotolerant
What is the term refering to the low nutrient concentration found in the ocean?
oligotrophic.
Where does the bulk of the primary productivity comes from in the open ocean?
prochlorophytes.
T or F : the prochlorococcus doesn’t have phycobillins
true, that is why it is so green
What are the most abodant photsynthetic organisms in the ocean?
procholorococus. (from the prochlorophytes).
why is trichodesmium brown while prochlorococus is green
because the trichodesmium has phycobillins
What is the term of a water rich in nutrients and so supporting a dense plant population, the decomposition of which kills animal life by depriving it of oxygen.
eutrophic
why is there more zooplankton an aquatic animal in coastal water?
beause of the high nutrient concentration supporting the presence of primary productivity and then higher levels of zoo plancton and aquatic animal benefiting from that primary productivitiy
What causes red tides?
algal bloom of dinoflagellate.
The excess in which nutrient is related to the red tide?
nitrogen.
What is marine snow?
sinking of organic matter from upper water to deeper water
T or F : there can’t be heterotroph at the sea floor because there is no nutrient
false
what are the two nutrients that are limiting of the microbial life in lakes
phosphorous and nitrogen
Complete : in oligotrophic lakes the primary production is _____
low
______ growth is inhibited in the oligotrophic lakes because of the lack of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous)
chemoheterotrophs
complete : in a eutrophic lake, the primary production is ____
high
in _____ lake the primary production is low and the organic matter is ____
low
What is the name of the colder bottom layer in lakes?
hypolimnion
What is the name of the warmer top layer in lakes?
epilimnion
What is the name of the zone of rapid temperature change in lakes?
thermocline
What is the BOD?
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) : it describes the measure of how much oxygen needs to be present in order to use up all the organic matter in the water os a measure of the pollution by organic matter.
if there is a high amounts of organic matter in a lake, the BOD will be ____
high
Where does most of the water borne pathogen grows?
in the intestinal tract
What is the transmission medium of water-borne pathogens?
fecal contamination of water supplies.
Giardialamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum are example of water born pathoogenic caused by _____
protozoa (free living eukaryote)
Giardialamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum forms ____
cysts
Why are Giardialamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum able to live in swimming pool?
because they are resistant to chlorine
What are the two indicators of pathogens in the water quality control?
- coliforms
2. fecal coliforms.
Which one can growth at temperature of 44.5˚c? coliforms or fecal coliforms?
fecal coliforms
What is the the factors that is used to defirentiate fecal coliforms and coliforms?
the fact that fecal coliforms live at 44.5˚C
Give the features of coliforms
Facultative aerobic Gram‐negative non spore‐forming rod‐shaped bacteria can ferment lactose with gas formation within 48 hours at 35°C.
What are the two test being made to look for coliforms
MPN and membrane filtration
What are the aim of water treatment
– remove pathogens
– improve clarity of water
– remove compounds that give bad smell or taste
– soften the water
What are the various steps in the water treatment?
- sedimentation
- flocculation txt
- filtration
- disinfection
What does the flocs traps in the flocculation step
they trap fine particles (clay, bacteria, viruses, protists). and organic chemicals
in which step of the water txt most of the bacteria, color and particulate are removed?
flocculation
What is the aims in the wastewater treatment
– Reduce BOD (remove/destroy organic matter)
– Destroy pathogens
What are the steps in the wastewater treatment?
- sedimentation
- a. liquid–> trickling filter or activated sludge
- • May involve any or a combination of :Biological treatment (living it to sit in a ponds and let algae oxidize the organic matter), flocculation, filtration, chlorination or ozonation
name all the water borne bacterial pathogens and viruses
- salmonella typhi
- vibrio cholerae
- shigella spp
- salmonella spp
- campylobacter spp
- enterovirus
T or F : cyst of G. Lambia are not removed by the process of water
false, it is cyst of C. parvum.
What is the step that removes the g.lambia cyst in the water treatment.
the filtration
