W3-lecture 1: Metabolism and energy Flashcards
What is catabolism?
generation of energy (ATP) and reducing power (NADH) from nutrients. By‐products of catabolism may be used as precursor molecules for anabolism.
What is anabolism?
production of macromolecules and chemicals from “building blocks” and energy (ATP). Reducing power is provided by NADH.
Which four chemical elements make up the bulk of a cell’s dry weight?
COHN
What are the essential chemical elements for all microorganism?
COHNPSSe
What is a definied culture medium?
defined means that we know exactly what is in the culture media of the bacteria and we know each of the quantities
What is a complex culture medium?
in the complex culture medium, we don’t know what exactly what is there and what are the quantities.
What is a fastidious organism?
it needs a lot of nutrient for its growth. Know this term because it makes a good exam question.
What is the most important thing for all the culutre medium?
water
T or F : the presence of en enzyme reduces the free energy.
false, it only affects the rate of the reaction
Does glucose formation from the elements release or require energy?
require energy. (anabolism)
Oxidation is the _____ of electrons while reduction is the _____ of electron
oxidation : removal
reduction : addition
The _____ form will give it’s electron while the ___ form will gain electrons.
The reduced form will give it’s electron while the oxidized form will gain electrons.
The couple at the top of the redox tower want to ____ electrons while the couples at the bottom want to ____ electron
top : give
bottom : gain
In the reaction H2+12O2→H2O, what is the electron donor and what is the electron acceptor?
H2 is electron donor, the O2 is the electron accpetor.
Why is nitrate (NO−3) a better electron acceptor than fumarate?
because lower on the redox tower.
Is NADH a better electron donor than H2? Is NAD+ a better acceptor than 2 H+? How does the figure tell you this?
H2 is a better donor than NADH because higer on the redox tower. NAD+ is a better a better acceptor because lower on the redox tower.
T or F : NAD+ can accept 2 electrons and one proton.or 2 electrons or 2 protons.
T
T or P : in ATP there is two anhydrides bonds and one ester bond.
T. These bonds are high in energy.
T or F : phosphoenolpyruvate has more energy G0 per mole than ATP.
True because it is a smaller molecule and has one anhydride bond.
Name the three bonds seen in class that are high in energy.
Ester, thioester and anhydride.
In most organisms, three basic catabolic pathways are all that is required to produce all of the precursors (carbon compounds and energy) needed for anabolism: name these pathway.
– Glycolytic pathway (glycolysis, Embden‐Meyerhof pathway).
– Pentose phosphate pathway (hexose monophosphate pathway)
– Tricarboxylic acid pathway (TCA; citric acid cycle, Krebs cycle)
What is oxidative phosphorylation**?
in the oxidative phosphorylation, we have an energized membrane (+ outside and - inside) and this charge difference can be used to create ATP.
What is the substrate-level-phosphorylation?
here we have a substrate that is phosphorylated to make it a high energy molecule and then this energy can be used to produce ATP.
What are the two possibilities of the ATP synthesis?
Fermentation and respiration
What are the differences between fermentation and respiration for :
- ATP production
- electrons
- ATP is produced has susbtrate level phosphorylation in fermentation while it is produced has oxidative phosphorylation in the case of respiration
- Electron donors are organic compounds in the two cases but in the case of respiration, the final electron acceptor is O2 or substitute.
what is the final product of the glycolytic pathway?
Pyruvate
How is ATP produced in the glycolytic pathway?
Substrate level phosphorylation
How much ATP is produced in the glycolytic pathway? And how much NADH ?
2 ATP and 2 NADH
What is the molecule that needs to be regenerated by anapleurotic pathway or else the TCA will stop.
oxaloacetate
T or F: no ATP is produced directly by the TCA cycle
True, only GTP and reducing power that will be used to produce ATP by the electron transport chain
How much CO2, GTP, NADH and FADH2 is produced in the TCA cycle
– 2 CO2
– 1 GTP (ATP)
– 3 NADH
– 1 FADH2
IMPORTANT : The process that uses the energy produced by respiration to synthesize ATP is called
______
oxidative phosphorylation.
What is the net yield energy of respiration?
38 ATP (with the glycolysis 8ATP and the TCA cycle 30 ATP)
What is the formula of the proton motor force? What are the components of that formula?
T or F : if the microorganism don’t do oxidative phosphorylation, you don’t need ATPase
False, because they are revirsble, so they can be used to generate of proton motor force
T or F : In fermentation, an organic compound serves as the electron donor and an organic degradation product serves as the finalacceptor of electrons.
True, the final electron acceptor is lactate.
T or F : when there is oxygen, the yeast and e.coli will grow at the same rate to when oxygen is not available
False, fatser when oxygen is available.
