week4 Flashcards
Intrinsic motivation: what 4 factors influence motivation
curiosity, challenge, control and recognition
How can curiosity affect motivation?
pushes us to explore and learn for the sole pleasure of learning and mastering
How can challenges affect motivation?
Being challenged helps us work at a continuously optimal level work toward meaningful goals
control affecting motivation
Comes from our basic desire to control what happens and make decisions that affect the outcome
recognition and motivation
innate need to be appreciated.
Why we do what we do Intrinsic motivation
because of the interest and enjoyment in the task itself
why we do what we do extrinsic motivation
because of the outcome that will result by doing a task
psychological need defined
An inherent source of motivation that generates the desire to interact with the environment to advance personal growth, social development, and psychological well-being
Psychological need: people are inherently active. What does this mean
means there’s always in active exchange with their environment
Engagement affects psychological needs
need satisfaction increases initiative, effort, enthusiasm and planning
personal growth and psychological need
need satisfaction increases personal development
intrinsic motivation and need satisfaction
Need satisfaction increases how interesting and how enjoyable the task is
Internalization and need for satisfaction.
Need satisfaction increases volitional engagement in uninteresting tasks
Need satisfaction and health.
Need satisfaction increases a health-promoting lifestyle.
Intrinsic motivation: psychological need satisfaction requires three things
autonomy, competence, relatedness
Autonomy defined
autonomy support from the environment and ones relationships
competence defined
confidence support from the environment and ones relationship
relatedness defined
support from the environment and one relationship
Autonomy actually definined
psychological need to experience self-direction and personal endorsement in the initiation and regulation of ones behaviour
Hallmarks of autonomy
violation, inner endorsement (ownership of behaviour)
Perceived autonomy has 3 essential factors
internal perceived locus of causality, volition (feeling free) and perceived choice over one’s actions
internal perceived locus of causality
individuals understanding of the causal source of his or her motivated actions
volition
heartfelt and unpressured willingness to engage in an activity
perceived choice over one’s actions
A subjective experience to decide or not to decide what one will do
three motivating styles
autonomy/support, neutral, controlling
autonomy support style
an interpersonal tone of understanding
controlling style
the interpersonal tone of pressure
How to support other people’s autonomy
Take the other’s perspective, nurture inner motivational resources, and acknowledge and accept negative affect.
Three examples of acknowledge and accept
- acknowledge the presence of negative affect 2. accept the validity of the negative affect
other simple ways to cause supportive autonomy
Use invitational language, display patience, provide choice.
Not all choices promote autonomy. Example
either or choice offerings
What choice promotes autonomy?
Meaningful choice that reflects people’s values and interest
What do autonomy-supportive people say and do?
Listen carefully, provide rationale, encourage effort
What controlling people say and do
Hold back learning materials, show correct answers, tell correct answers.
Competence defined
the psychological need to be effective in ones internations and enviornment
hallmarks of competence
effectiveness, mastery, making progress
4 stages of competence
- unconscious incompetence, 2, conscious incompetence 3. conscious competence 4. unconscious competence
unconscious incompetence defined
unaware of a skill and lack of profiency
conscious incompetence
aware of the skill and lack of proficiency
conscious competence
able to apply the skill but only with conscious effort
unconscious competence
Performing the skill he comes automatic
challenge and optimal challenge: the essence of the challenge
Can you do it? can you cope successfully?
the essence of optimal challenge
Can you do a little better than you have done in the past
The essence of challenge and the essence of optimal challenge. How are they connected?
They are in a constant back-and-forth
Susan harter found that successfully solving anagrams produced greater….
smiling and higher enjoyment than failiure
Children experience the greatest pleasure following success in the context of an
optimal challenge
What is the flow state?
concentration that involves a holistic absorption and deep involvement in an activity
Flow occurs whenever a person uses
his or her skills to rise to some challenge
Five factors that contribute to the flow
- clear goals 2. constructive and immediate feedback 3. match of skill and challenge 4. intense focus on the present 5. failure tolerance
structure: the three elements
highly structured learning environment are clear expectations, guidance and feedback
Failure tolerance: failure urges people to
identify its causes and remedy them
failiure prompets people to revise and update
their coping strategies
failure prompts people to realize their need for
advice and guidance
What is relatedness
psychological need to establish close emotional bonds and attachments with other people
Hallmarks of relatedness:
feelings socially connected, giving and receiving benevolence
Relatedness satisfaction breaks down into two categories.
responsiveness and social bond
responsiveness involves
other person :understanding, validaition, caringoci
socal bond involves
other person: care abut my welfare, likes me
Exchange relationships
relationships between acquaintances, no obligation to be concerned with others’ needs, okay to be neglectful
communal reationship
relationships involving caring, both partner care for others needs, do satisfy the relatedness psychological need
Three reasons relatedness provides the social context
Support internalization, promote vitality, promote happiness
