week 8

Question 1

Two views of the self:

Answer 1

self agent (do-er) or self as object (self concept)

Question 2

Self as an agent: they develop personal potential through an agency. what is agency

Answer 2

agency means that an agent has the power and intention to act

Question 3

self as an agent: regulating the self refers to

Answer 3

can i exert self-control

Question 4

self as object: defining the self, this act shows how

Answer 4

Defining the self
shows how self-concept energizes
and directs behavior.

Question 5

self as an object: relate the self to society:

Answer 5

. Shows
how identity energizes, directs, and
sustains behavior.

Question 6

What is self concept

Answer 6

Set of beliefs an individual uses to conceptualize themself.

Question 7

self-concept has a cluster of domain-specific blank-blank, which are

Answer 7

Cluster of domain-specific self-schemas- a reflection of the invariance people have discovered in their
own social behavior.

Question 8

Motivational properties of self-schemas: consistent self

Answer 8

Self-schemas direct behaviour to confirm the self-view
and to prevent episodes that generate feedback that
might disconfirm that self-view

Question 9

Motivational properties of self schemas: possible self

Answer 9

Self-schemas generate motivation to move the present
self toward a desired future self.

Question 10

Identity is how the self relates to

Answer 10

society, and it captures the
essence of who the self is within a cultural context.

Question 11

once people assume social roles, their identities direct their behaviours in ways that express the

Answer 11

roleidentity’s cultural value.

Question 12

the identity directs the person to

Answer 12

o pursue some behaviours
(identity-confirming behaviors) and to avoid other behaviors
(identity-disconfirming behaviours).

Question 13

Roles definition

Answer 13

consists of cultural expectations for behaviour from the person who holds that social position

Question 14

people also have connections to social groups such as

Answer 14

shared affiliations (“I am a Catholic”)
* shared interests (“I am a football fan”), and
* shared beliefs and values (“I am an environmentalist”).

Question 15

Agency presents a view of self as

Answer 15

action and development
from within, as innate
processes and motivations”

Question 16

what are two inherent within the self

Answer 16

differentiation and integration

Question 17

differentiation:

Answer 17

expands and elaborates the self into an ever-increasing complexity

Question 18

integration:

Answer 18

synthesizes that emerging compleacity into a coherent whole, thereby preserving a sense of a single cohesive self

Question 19

What internalization?

Answer 19

The process through which individuals take in and accept as their own an
externally prescribed way of thinking, feeling, or behaving is referred to as

Question 20

Internalization occurs for two reasons

Answer 20

1. desire to achieve meaningful relationships with others (relatedness)
2. desire to interact effectively with
   the social world (competence)

Question 21

Intrinsic goals:

Answer 21

Aspirations and pursuits that are inherently satisfying
because their pursuit gives rise to frequent and recurring
opportunities for the goal striver to experience autonomy,
competence, and relatedness need satisfaction along the way.

Question 22

intrinsic goals: example of goals

Answer 22

Typical goals: Personal growth, relationship growth,
community contribution.

Question 23

extrinsic goals

Answer 23

Aspirations and pursuits that require contingent regard or
affirmation from others and are therefore neutral or unsatisfying—
because their pursuit veers the goal striver’s thoughts and behaviors
off in a direction in which need satisfaction
tends to be neglected or sacrificed.

Question 24

typical extrinsic goals:

Answer 24

money, fame, fortune, popularity

Question 25

What is self-regulation

Answer 25

This process of exerting and managing
the self to accomplish a long-term goal

Question 26

Self-regulation is a process that involves 4 things:

Answer 26

• Planning and strategic thinking
• Implementing action and self-control
• Monitoring and checking
• Reflecting and adjusting

Question 27

Self-control

Answer 27

• Self-control is the capacity to suppress, restrain, and even override an
  impulsive desire to pursue a long-term goal

Question 28

Radish experiment implications: persistence on unsolvable puzzles

Answer 28

: The radish-consuming participants did not have the same
level of energy available to them to persist on the complex problems.

Question 29

Limited strength model of self-control:based on 3 propositions

Answer 29

1. Amount or strength of willpower is
   critical to the success of self-control.
   2.The exertion of self-control depletes
   some of this resource, and hence,
   3.Subsequent attempts at self-control are
   increasingly likely to fail.

Question 30

What personality variable tracks with who is successful in life

Answer 30

resist immediate gratification of a short-term attractions for a long-term goal

Question 31

characteristics of children with high self-control

Answer 31

• higher grade point averages,
• higher standardized test scores,
• were socially more popular,

Question 32

exerting self control may deplete a conceptual resource called

Answer 32

ego strength

Question 33

ego depletion effects: interpersonal

Answer 33

Interpersonal interactions can be depleting,

Question 34

ego depletion: changing the self

Answer 34

Behaviour change can be depleting.

Question 35

consequences of ego depletion

Answer 35

• Loss of self-control (e.g., decline in self-control performance)
• Depletion can lead to stronger emotions and urges.
• Depletion affects people’s sense of the passage of time.