week 8 Flashcards
Two views of the self:
self agent (do-er) or self as object (self concept)
Self as an agent: they develop personal potential through an agency. what is agency
agency means that an agent has the power and intention to act
self as an agent: regulating the self refers to
can i exert self-control
self as object: defining the self, this act shows how
Defining the self
shows how self-concept energizes
and directs behavior.
self as an object: relate the self to society:
. Shows
how identity energizes, directs, and
sustains behavior.
What is self concept
Set of beliefs an individual uses to conceptualize themself.
self-concept has a cluster of domain-specific blank-blank, which are
Cluster of domain-specific self-schemas- a reflection of the invariance people have discovered in their
own social behavior.
Motivational properties of self-schemas: consistent self
Self-schemas direct behaviour to confirm the self-view
and to prevent episodes that generate feedback that
might disconfirm that self-view
Motivational properties of self schemas: possible self
Self-schemas generate motivation to move the present
self toward a desired future self.
Identity is how the self relates to
society, and it captures the
essence of who the self is within a cultural context.
once people assume social roles, their identities direct their behaviours in ways that express the
roleidentity’s cultural value.
the identity directs the person to
o pursue some behaviours
(identity-confirming behaviors) and to avoid other behaviors
(identity-disconfirming behaviours).
Roles definition
consists of cultural expectations for behaviour from the person who holds that social position
people also have connections to social groups such as
shared affiliations (“I am a Catholic”)
* shared interests (“I am a football fan”), and
* shared beliefs and values (“I am an environmentalist”).
Agency presents a view of self as
action and development
from within, as innate
processes and motivations”
what are two inherent within the self
differentiation and integration
differentiation:
expands and elaborates the self into an ever-increasing complexity
integration:
synthesizes that emerging compleacity into a coherent whole, thereby preserving a sense of a single cohesive self
What internalization?
The process through which individuals take in and accept as their own an
externally prescribed way of thinking, feeling, or behaving is referred to as
Internalization occurs for two reasons
- desire to achieve meaningful relationships with others (relatedness)
- desire to interact effectively with
the social world (competence)
Intrinsic goals:
Aspirations and pursuits that are inherently satisfying
because their pursuit gives rise to frequent and recurring
opportunities for the goal striver to experience autonomy,
competence, and relatedness need satisfaction along the way.
intrinsic goals: example of goals
Typical goals: Personal growth, relationship growth,
community contribution.
extrinsic goals
Aspirations and pursuits that require contingent regard or
affirmation from others and are therefore neutral or unsatisfying—
because their pursuit veers the goal striver’s thoughts and behaviors
off in a direction in which need satisfaction
tends to be neglected or sacrificed.
typical extrinsic goals:
money, fame, fortune, popularity
What is self-regulation
This process of exerting and managing
the self to accomplish a long-term goal
Self-regulation is a process that involves 4 things:
- Planning and strategic thinking
- Implementing action and self-control
- Monitoring and checking
- Reflecting and adjusting
Self-control
- Self-control is the capacity to suppress, restrain, and even override an
impulsive desire to pursue a long-term goal
Radish experiment implications: persistence on unsolvable puzzles
: The radish-consuming participants did not have the same
level of energy available to them to persist on the complex problems.
Limited strength model of self-control:based on 3 propositions
- Amount or strength of willpower is
critical to the success of self-control.
2.The exertion of self-control depletes
some of this resource, and hence,
3.Subsequent attempts at self-control are
increasingly likely to fail.
What personality variable tracks with who is successful in life
resist immediate gratification of a short-term attractions for a long-term goal
characteristics of children with high self-control
- higher grade point averages,
- higher standardized test scores,
- were socially more popular,
exerting self control may deplete a conceptual resource called
ego strength
ego depletion effects: interpersonal
Interpersonal interactions can be depleting,
ego depletion: changing the self
Behaviour change can be depleting.
consequences of ego depletion
- Loss of self-control (e.g., decline in self-control performance)
- Depletion can lead to stronger emotions and urges.
- Depletion affects people’s sense of the passage of time.
