week 5 Flashcards
a need definition
A need is any condition that is essential to a person and
necessary for life, growth, and well-being.
When needs are nurtured what 3 things occur
growth occurs, life is
maintained, and well being is enhanced.
when needs are thwarted it will produce damage that
s biological or psychological well-being.
3 types of need
psychological needs, physiological needs, implicit motives
What is a physiological need
a biological condition within the organism that
synchronizes brain structures, hormones, and major organs to regulate bodily
well-being.
example of physiological need
thirst, hunger, and sex
define psychological need
s defined as an inherent (inborn) psychological process
that underlies the proactive desire to seek out interactions that promote
personal growth, social development, and psychological well-being
What are examples of psychological need
autonomy, competence, and relatedness
What are implicit motives
internalized or learned from our emotional and
socialization histories. Examples include achievement, affiliation, and power.
implicit motives are enduring, unconscious needs that
motivate people’s behaviour toward the attainment of specific
social incentives:
achievement, affiliation, affiliation/intimacy, power
Implicit means unconscious. implicit social needs opperate
unconsciously
explicit means blank. explicit social needs opperate
explicit means conscious. needs operate consciously
implicit motives or social needs stem from
our emotional
and socialization histories.
childhood experience is of paramount importance
implicit motives are activated by two things
social incentives and positive emotions
Achievement definition
- A person with a strong need for achievement experiences
strong, interest, enthusiasm, joy and pride while engaging in a
challenging task.
a person with a strong need for Affiliation needs to experience
positive affect and positive emotions while
engaging themselves in a close relationship.
A person with a strong need for power needs to experience
to experience
positive affect and positive emotions when given an
opportunity for social impact.
High affiliation strivings:
Feel calmness accompanied by warm, positive affect in situations that
offer comfort and interpersonal security.
Feel happy when pursuing activities such as relaxing or socializing with a
close friend at the coffee shop or beach.
You feel excited and energized by standards of excellence and when evaluating
your performance against personal standards
High achievement striving characteristics
You feel excited and energized by standards of excellence
feel interest, joy, arousal, excitement and a sense of opportunity when given a difficult challenge
high power striving
Feel strong, sharp arousal spikes that generate a burst of epinephrine,
testosterone, and increased blood pressure and muscle tone.
to measure implicit motives, people use a TAT (thematic apperception test_ which consists of
which consists of several ambiguous pictures
that individuals are asked to create a story about
A newer measure for implicit motives is called
PSE (picture story exercise) - includes murrarys pics with some new variation
Basic ideas of these tests
that people project their needs and motives into the stories
The need for achievement is defined
The need or desire to do things well, to
feel pleasure in overcoming obstacles to
excel, and to live up to high standards.
characteristics of those high in the need for achievement
persist in the face of difficulty, more likely to pursue path of academics, get along better with others
three socialization influences
- Independence training
- High performance aspirations
- Realistic and explicit standards of excellence
Developmental influences of high need for achievement
pride follows success, experiences feuls high achievement, shame follows failure
The need for achievement has 3 conditions
moderately difficult tasks, competition, and entrepreneurship
The contemporary view of affiliation strivings now recognize it’s two facets
need for approval and intimacy
Intimacy motive reflects
willingness to “experience a warm, close, and
communicative exchange with another person”.
Affiliation need has a deficiency orientated motive and two conditions
need involving condition: Deprivation from social
interaction: Social
isolation and fear
need satisfying condition: social acceptance
intimacy needs: growth-oriented motive two conditions
need involving condition: interpersonal caring, warmth, and love
Need satisfying condition: relatedness within a warm, close, reciprocal and enduring relationship
desire to affiliate: fear and anxiety
People desire to affiliate for emotional support and to see how others handle
fear and anxiety.
Affiliate desire: Establishing interpersonal networks
People with a high need for affiliation spend time interacting with others, join
social groups, and establish stable and long-lasting relationships.
affiliate desire: maintaining interpersonal networks
People with high need for affiliation strive to maintain relationships.
Characteristics of those with high need for affiliation
Prefer helping professions.
* Avoid conflict with others.
* Resist making demands on other people.
characteristics of those with high need for intimacy
- Tend to have more one-to-one exchanges with other people
- Involved in more self-disclosure
- Likely to engage in mutual sharing of hopes and fears
The need for power: impact
- Impact allows power-needing individuals to establish power.
the need for power: control
- Control allows power-needing individuals to maintain power
need for power: influence allows power need people to
expand their power
characteristics of those high in the need for power
seek out position of authority or influence
high need to control positive image of self
tendency to be self-absorbed and narcissistic
one strength and weakness of the need for power
strength: increased goal pursuit
weakness: decreased perspective-taking
a special variant of the need for power:
leadership motivation pattern
leadership motivation pattern has 3 characteristics
high need for power, low need for affiliation, high self-control
