week 9 Flashcards
Emotions are 4 things
short-lived, feeling arousal, purposeful expression phenomena, that help us adapt to the opportunities and challenge we face during important life events
the four components of emotion:
feeling component
bodily arousal component
purposeful component
social-expressive component
explain feeling component and bodily arousal component
Feeling Component (Feelings)
* Subjectively felt experience that has meaning, personal significance, and levels of
intensity and quality.
Bodily Arousal Component (Action Preparedness)
* Neural (brain), physiological (heart rate, hormones), and body (posture,
musculature) activation that prepare the body for adaptive coping behavior.
explain purposeful component and social-expressive component
Purposeful Component (Function)
* Goal-directed motivation to do something specific (to cope successfully with
the significant life event).
Social-Expressive Component (Expression)
* Public expression of our private state, as through facial expressions, voice
intonations, gestures, and posture.
emotion as motivation
emotions are one type of motive which energizes and directs behaviour
emotion as readout
Emotions serve as an ongoing readout system to indicate how well or how poorly personal adaptions is going
Two system view: both systems
intuition and instinct and reational thinking
intuition and instinct originates to the
ancient evolutionary history of the species
the rational thinking system explained
The second system an
experienced-based
cognitive system that
depends on the unique
learning history of the
individual
two things that end an emotion
- removal of the significant life event that activated the emotion in the first place
- engaging in coping behaviours that successfully manage and alter the significant life event
how many emotions are there: biological perspective
2-8
cognitive perspective: how many emotions are there
unlimited
features of basic emotions: 5
- Distinct facial expression
- Distinct pattern of physiology
- Automatic (unlearned) appraisal
- Distinct antecedent cause
- Inescapable (inevitable) activation
what are first oder emotions
triggered
automatically in response to
environmental stimuli
second-order emotions
triggered by
“emotional schemas” or
“emotional knowledge” learned
through socialization
experiences (e.g., guilt, surprise)
emotions as a coping function
- Emotions help people deal with fundamental life tasks—universal
human predicaments such as threat, obstacles, loss, and
achievement.
social function of emotions: 4 things
- Communicate our feelings to others (e.g., . Can be
seen in interactions of infants with caregivers. - Influence how others interact with us.
- Invite and facilitate social interaction. (e.g., a social
smile says, “I am friendly; I would like us to be
friends.”) - Create, maintain, and dissolve relationships
Emotion regulation
Process in which the person
seeks to determine which
emotion is experienced, when it
is experienced, how it is
experienced, and how it is
expressed publicly and
observably
emotional regulation strat: situation selection
- Taking action to make one emotional experience more or less likely.
- By selecting one situation rather than another, we predetermine which
significant life events we will encounter
strategy 2
Problem-focused coping,
efforts to establish control
over a situation, and searching
for social support.
strategy 3: attentional focus
Rather than changing the situation, one redirects one’s attention within that
situation.
attentional focus: 2 sub-strategies
- Distraction is the most common strategy.
- Rumination (i.e., persistent focus) over positive events is referred to as
“savouring,” and it can produce positive benefits.
strat 4: reappraisal
Changing the way one thinks about a potentially emotionallyeliciting situation to modify its emotional impact.
* Reappraisal involves changing the meaning of the situation.
emotion regulation strategy 5: suppression
A strategy to down-regulate an already occurring emotional experience,
including any of its components of feeling, bodily activation, sense of purpose,
or expression.
