week 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Emotions are 4 things

A

short-lived, feeling arousal, purposeful expression phenomena, that help us adapt to the opportunities and challenge we face during important life events

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2
Q

the four components of emotion:

A

feeling component

bodily arousal component

purposeful component

social-expressive component

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3
Q

explain feeling component and bodily arousal component

A

Feeling Component (Feelings)
* Subjectively felt experience that has meaning, personal significance, and levels of
intensity and quality.
Bodily Arousal Component (Action Preparedness)
* Neural (brain), physiological (heart rate, hormones), and body (posture,
musculature) activation that prepare the body for adaptive coping behavior.

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4
Q

explain purposeful component and social-expressive component

A

Purposeful Component (Function)
* Goal-directed motivation to do something specific (to cope successfully with
the significant life event).

Social-Expressive Component (Expression)
* Public expression of our private state, as through facial expressions, voice
intonations, gestures, and posture.

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5
Q

emotion as motivation

A

emotions are one type of motive which energizes and directs behaviour

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6
Q

emotion as readout

A

Emotions serve as an ongoing readout system to indicate how well or how poorly personal adaptions is going

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7
Q

Two system view: both systems

A

intuition and instinct and reational thinking

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8
Q

intuition and instinct originates to the

A

ancient evolutionary history of the species

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9
Q

the rational thinking system explained

A

The second system an
experienced-based
cognitive system that
depends on the unique
learning history of the
individual

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10
Q

two things that end an emotion

A
  1. removal of the significant life event that activated the emotion in the first place
  2. engaging in coping behaviours that successfully manage and alter the significant life event
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11
Q

how many emotions are there: biological perspective

A

2-8

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12
Q

cognitive perspective: how many emotions are there

A

unlimited

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13
Q

features of basic emotions: 5

A
  1. Distinct facial expression
  2. Distinct pattern of physiology
  3. Automatic (unlearned) appraisal
  4. Distinct antecedent cause
  5. Inescapable (inevitable) activation
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14
Q

what are first oder emotions

A

triggered
automatically in response to
environmental stimuli

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15
Q

second-order emotions

A

triggered by
“emotional schemas” or
“emotional knowledge” learned
through socialization
experiences (e.g., guilt, surprise)

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16
Q

emotions as a coping function

A
  • Emotions help people deal with fundamental life tasks—universal
    human predicaments such as threat, obstacles, loss, and
    achievement.
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17
Q

social function of emotions: 4 things

A
  1. Communicate our feelings to others (e.g., . Can be
    seen in interactions of infants with caregivers.
  2. Influence how others interact with us.
  3. Invite and facilitate social interaction. (e.g., a social
    smile says, “I am friendly; I would like us to be
    friends.”)
  4. Create, maintain, and dissolve relationships
18
Q

Emotion regulation

A

Process in which the person
seeks to determine which
emotion is experienced, when it
is experienced, how it is
experienced, and how it is
expressed publicly and
observably

19
Q

emotional regulation strat: situation selection

A
  • Taking action to make one emotional experience more or less likely.
  • By selecting one situation rather than another, we predetermine which
    significant life events we will encounter
20
Q

strategy 2

A

Problem-focused coping,
efforts to establish control
over a situation, and searching
for social support.

21
Q

strategy 3: attentional focus

A

Rather than changing the situation, one redirects one’s attention within that
situation.

22
Q

attentional focus: 2 sub-strategies

A
  • Distraction is the most common strategy.
  • Rumination (i.e., persistent focus) over positive events is referred to as
    “savouring,” and it can produce positive benefits.
23
Q

strat 4: reappraisal

A

Changing the way one thinks about a potentially emotionallyeliciting situation to modify its emotional impact.
* Reappraisal involves changing the meaning of the situation.

24
Q

emotion regulation strategy 5: suppression

A

A strategy to down-regulate an already occurring emotional experience,
including any of its components of feeling, bodily activation, sense of purpose,
or expression.

25
Q

2 problems with suppression

A

Problem #1: Suppression backfires. Trying to suppress an emotion or its
components usually produce more, not less, of that emotionality.
* Problem #2: Suppression is a blunt strategy. What works best in emotion
regulation is a flexible, situation-specific, and situationally-sensitive intervention
effort.

26
Q

mood defined:

A

Mood or affect is a mild, long-lasting, everyday, low-level, general
way of feeling.

27
Q

mood is a blend of 2 dimension

A

Valence: the dimension of pleasure vs. displeasure.
* Arousal: dimension of activation vs. deactivation.

28
Q

Everyday mood: positive affect 3

A
  • Pleasurable engagement
  • Reward-driven, appetitive
    motivational system (“Go system)
  • Approach behaviour
29
Q

Everyday mood: negative effect 3

A
  • Unpleasant engagement
  • Punishment-driven, aversive
    motivational system (”Stop system)
  • Withdrawal behavior
30
Q

3 benefits of feeling good

A

prosocial behaviour, creativity, decision making efficiency

31
Q

in response to an emotion-eliciting event the body prepares itself by:

A
  1. Activating the autonomic nervous
    system
  2. Stimulating subcortical brain
    structures
  3. Expressing a unique pattern of facial
    feedback (e.g., pout lower lip).
32
Q

James Lange’s theory of emotion based on two assumptions

A

The body reacts uniquely to different
emotion-eliciting events

The body does not react to non-emotion eliciting events. If body changes do not occur,
then the emotion does not occur.

33
Q

two criticisms of James Lange’s theory

A

Body reactions were part of the body’s fight or flight response
and did not vary from one emotion to the next

The emotional experience was quicker than the physiological
reaction.

34
Q

Emotions and hormones: dopamine

A
  • Dopamine produces strong
    positive emotionality and
    approach motivation
35
Q

emotions and hormones: endorphins

A

alleviate sadness
and separation distress.

36
Q

Oxytocin:

A

promotes
contentment, attraction, and
social bonding

37
Q

adrenaline and cortisol support

A

fight or flight

38
Q

facial feedback hypothesis: felt emotions arise from:

A
  1. Movements of the facial musculature
  2. Changes in facial temperature
  3. Changes in glandular activity in the facial skin.
39
Q

two versions of the ffh: strong version

A

facial feedback causes emotion

changing facial musculature to correspond to an emotion will cause the activation of that emotion

40
Q

weak version:

A

feedback modifies intensity of emotion

Managing your facial musculature into a
particular emotion display will augment
(exaggerate) the emotional experience
caused by a significant life event

41
Q

Universal facial expressions

A

evidence that emotion-related facial
behaviour has an innate, unlearned
component across all cultures