week 1 Flashcards
Motivation defined
- Any internal process that gives behaviour its energy, direction,
and persistence.
Energy means
bh=ehaviour has strength
direction means
Behaviour has purpose
persistence means
Behaviour has endurance
Motivational studies refers to
l = The study of all the internal
processes that energize, direct, and sustain
behaviour.
Motivational science/research requires
objective, data-based,
empirical evidence gained from well-conducted and
peer-reviewed research findings.
Internal motives are broken down into three categories which are..
- needs 2. cognitions, emotions
Needs represent conditions within an individual that are
essential and necessary for the
maintenance of life and for the
nurturance of growth and well-being.
Cognitions are mental events such as
s thoughts, beliefs,
expectations, plans, goals, strategies,
appraisals, attributions, and the selfconcept
Emotions refer to
Coordinated feeling-arousal–purposive–
expressive reactions to the significant
events in our lives
What are the five expressions of motivation?
- Behaviour, engagement, psychophysiology, brain activations and self-report
What are the seven behavioural expressions of motivation?
Effort, long persistence, short latency, choice, high probability of occurrence, facial expressions and bodily gestures
Engagement can be broken down into what 4 categories?
Behaviour, emotions, cognition and agency
Behavioural refers to
on task behaviour, effort, persistence
Emotion refers to
interest, enjoyment, low anger
Cognition refers to
active self-regulation and learning strats
Agency refers to
making contributions, asking questions and offering suggestions
- Psychophysiology refers to
the process by which psychological
states (motivation, emotion) produce changes in one’s physiology.
- Brain activations: Brain acctivity
activation of brain structures as the amygdala or prefrontal cortex
brain activations: hormonal activity
chemicals in saliva or blood, such as cortisol (stress) or
catecholamines (fight-or-flight reaction).
Brain activations: Cardiovascular activity
Contraction and relaxation of the heart and blood vessels
activity (as in response to attractive incentives, difficult/challenging tasks).
Brain activation: skeletal activity
The activity of the musculature, as with facial expressions (specific
emotion) and bodily gestures (desire to leave).
- self reports deal with
Asking people about their
experiences
* Self-reports are inexpensive and easy
to obtain.
Framework to understand motivation
Antecedent condition (environmental events_> motive status( need, cognition, emotion) -> energizing, direction and sustaining (behaviour, engagement, psychophysiology, brain activity, self-report) -> changes in life outcomes
