week 1

Question 1

Motivation defined

Answer 1

• Any internal process that gives behaviour its energy, direction,
  and persistence.

Question 2

Energy means

Answer 2

bh=ehaviour has strength

Question 3

direction means

Answer 3

Behaviour has purpose

Question 4

persistence means

Answer 4

Behaviour has endurance

Question 5

Motivational studies refers to

Answer 5

l = The study of all the internal
processes that energize, direct, and sustain
behaviour.

Question 6

Motivational science/research requires

Answer 6

objective, data-based,
empirical evidence gained from well-conducted and
peer-reviewed research findings.

Question 7

Internal motives are broken down into three categories which are..

Answer 7

1. needs 2. cognitions, emotions

Question 8

Needs represent conditions within an individual that are

Answer 8

essential and necessary for the
maintenance of life and for the
nurturance of growth and well-being.

Question 9

Cognitions are mental events such as

Answer 9

s thoughts, beliefs,
expectations, plans, goals, strategies,
appraisals, attributions, and the selfconcept

Question 10

Emotions refer to

Answer 10

Coordinated feeling-arousal–purposive–
expressive reactions to the significant
events in our lives

Question 11

What are the five expressions of motivation?

Answer 11

1. Behaviour, engagement, psychophysiology, brain activations and self-report

Question 12

What are the seven behavioural expressions of motivation?

Answer 12

Effort, long persistence, short latency, choice, high probability of occurrence, facial expressions and bodily gestures

Question 13

Engagement can be broken down into what 4 categories?

Answer 13

Behaviour, emotions, cognition and agency

Question 14

Behavioural refers to

Answer 14

on task behaviour, effort, persistence

Question 15

Emotion refers to

Answer 15

interest, enjoyment, low anger

Question 16

Cognition refers to

Answer 16

active self-regulation and learning strats

Question 17

Agency refers to

Answer 17

making contributions, asking questions and offering suggestions

Question 18

3. Psychophysiology refers to

Answer 18

the process by which psychological
states (motivation, emotion) produce changes in one’s physiology.

Question 19

4. Brain activations: Brain acctivity

Answer 19

activation of brain structures as the amygdala or prefrontal cortex

Question 20

brain activations: hormonal activity

Answer 20

chemicals in saliva or blood, such as cortisol (stress) or
catecholamines (fight-or-flight reaction).

Question 21

Brain activations: Cardiovascular activity

Answer 21

Contraction and relaxation of the heart and blood vessels
activity (as in response to attractive incentives, difficult/challenging tasks).

Question 22

Brain activation: skeletal activity

Answer 22

The activity of the musculature, as with facial expressions (specific
emotion) and bodily gestures (desire to leave).

Question 23

5. self reports deal with

Answer 23

Asking people about their
experiences
* Self-reports are inexpensive and easy
to obtain.

Question 24

Framework to understand motivation

Answer 24

Antecedent condition (environmental events_> motive status( need, cognition, emotion) -> energizing, direction and sustaining (behaviour, engagement, psychophysiology, brain activity, self-report) -> changes in life outcomes