week2 energy metabolism Flashcards
where does atp resynthesis occur
mitochondria
where is the energy stored in atp
the bonds between phosphates
what does atp turn into after phosphate has left
adenosine di phosphate
what process occurs to use atp
Hydrolysis
what is the cycle for energy known as
ATP cycle
what is taken during hydrolysis
phosphate
what is the cycle called for atp
atp cycle
what is the basic concept of atp cycle
Mitochondria post hydrolysis synthesize and adp and p making more atp
what is bioenergetics
the flow of energy within a living system
where does energy come from
food - fats , cho and proteins
what type of work do the cells do
mechanical and chemical
what are the 4 main parts of the cell
cytoplasm, membrane, nucleus and mitochondria
what does the nucleus contain
genes and regulates proteins resynthesis / regeneration
what does the cytoplasm do
contains organelles and fluid
what does the membrane do
the wall separating the cell
what is the mitochondria
where ATP hydrolysis occurs involving the ETC
what is oxidative phosphorylation?
inner mitochondria has etc to transfer proteins and electrons pumped out through membrane
what is metabolism
sum of all chemical reactions that occur
what are the 2 types of reactions
exergonic and endergonic
there is more energy in products for what type of reaction
endergonic
what type of reaction is exergonic
more energy in reactant
what is OIL RIG
oxidation is loss
reduction is gain
what are the 2 key roles in transfer of h+ atoms within the ETC
NAD and FAD
Enzymes do what
catalyze reactions and lower ae
how do enzymes catalyze
lower ae, changes in substrate binding and drawing reactions closer for better reactions
what are the 4 types of enzymes
Kinase, dehydrogenase, oxidase, and isomerases.
what impacts enzymes
ph and body temp
what is atpase
enzymes speed up hydrolysis
what is the equation for atp molecules
ATP —- ATPASE——- ADP + P +ENERGY
What are the 2 metabolic pathways to from atp
anaerobic and aerboic - one needing o2 one not
3 points of aerobic metabolic pathway for atop
needs o2,
oxidative phosphor. dependent on respiratory and cv systems for enough o2
2 points of anaerobic pathways for atp
no o2
pc breakdown and glycolysis
oxidative phosphorylation is the process used o use atc to form atp - true or false
true
where does the etc occur
mitochondria membrane
what does the mitochondria membrane do in etc
move electrons from NAD and FAD and release energy, causes proton gradient
what is the most rapid sysstem
ATP-PC
what is the atp-pc equation
pc + adp–creatine kinase – atp + c
time frame for atp pc
10-15 seconds
glycolysis is increased by what
bi products of atp breakdown activating glycolytic pathway
what is epoc
excess post exercise consumption
what does rapid epoc do
resynthesis of pc in muscle - recovered in 60 -120 secs and replenishes myoglobin and o2 stores
slow epoc components - 5
resynthesis -pc
hr and breathing increase
body temp and metabolic rate increase
conversion of lactic acid to glucose
what is the 4 parts of citric acid cycle
glycolysis makes 2 pyruvate and it enters mitochondria and converts acetyle coa
combines with oxalacetate making citrate all making atp
ETC points 5
NADH and FAD reoxidised - making energy electrons from H
e- are passed and pumped h+ into intermembrane
increase in conc of H
movement of H through atp synthase makes ATP
electrons and h combine making water
what does kinase do
add phosphate
what does dehydrogenase do
remove hydrogen atoms
what do oxidases do
catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions involving oxygen
what do isomerases do
rearrangement of the structure of molecules
how many atp is made in glycolysis
4 after 2 been invested
how many pyruvate is made in glycolysis
2
how many carbons are there is pyruvate
3
how many ATP do you get out of the citric acid cycle
38
how many times does the citric acid cycle do
2
can glycolysis occur with or without oxygen or both
both
