week 8 altitude Flashcards
exposure of hypoxia causes a reduction in
arterial pressure
the disruption of homeostatic and arterial pressure triggers what
neurocrine response that regulates adjustments to physiological systems
what is hypoxia
low pO2
what is normoxia
normal pO2
what is hyperoxia
high po2
what is hypoxaemia
low o2 in blood
what is boyles law
gas volume is inversely proportional to its pressure
immediate changes of altitude occur to ensure what
more o2 molecules
what are effects of short term adjustments to altitude
hyperventilation (chemoreceptors, lower alveolar pressure, raises alveolar o2, and lowers alveolar CO2 and causes alkalosis and diuresis
What CV affects short term in adjustments
increased resting hr and cardiac output
is there a defined difference in terms of altitude versus sea level
yes
how is the hr effected during max exercise in altitude
cardiac strain is reduced due to limited max hr due to parasympathetic ns during exercise
what is reduced during max exercise in atitude
lactate levels - lactate paradox as well as max hr
what limits max hr during max exercise
activation of para sns - the blockade
what is the parasympathetic blockade
glycopyrrolate - which restores max hr response to exercise
at altitude partial pressure is increased or decrease of o2
reduced
vo2 max reduces or increases when increasing altitude
reduces
ventilation is lower or higher during exercise
higher
what is the fick equation
vo2 = cardiac output X a-Vo2 difference
why does co fall in response during submaximal exercise
more o2 in blood improving extraction and less cardiac strain
what is the primary blood change during altitude
polycythemia due to an increase in erythropoietin
what is polycythemia
increase in red blood cells
what is epo
erythropoietin is a hormone increasing red blood cells from the liver
what does an increase of blood cells mean ..
more o2 delivered - 260ml compared to 200ml - extream is 310ml
decreased plasma volume in blood helps what
hemoglobin
hyperventilation causes ..
alkalosis and a bohr shift
how are capillaries effected
increase
myoglobin increases or decreases
increases
aerobic enzymes increases or decreases
increases
muscle mithocondrai increases or decreases
unlikey
lactate consumption and oxidation by active muscle increases or decreases
increases
2 long term effects of pulmonary acid base
hyperventilation and excretion of base via kidneys
2 effects of haematologic
decreased plasma v and increased haemaoctrit and rbc number
5 local longer adjustments
the increased enzyme, loss of weight and lean mass and cappilliarizaton of skeletal muscle
blood viscosity is effected true or false
true
living at a high altitude can elicit more red blood cells
true
negative effects
less muscle mass and increased ventilatory response, cv changes and loss of training intensity
