week 8 altitude

Question 1

exposure of hypoxia causes a reduction in

Answer 1

arterial pressure

Question 2

the disruption of homeostatic and arterial pressure triggers what

Answer 2

neurocrine response that regulates adjustments to physiological systems

Question 3

what is hypoxia

Answer 3

low pO2

Question 4

what is normoxia

Answer 4

normal pO2

Question 5

what is hyperoxia

Answer 5

high po2

Question 6

what is hypoxaemia

Answer 6

low o2 in blood

Question 7

what is boyles law

Answer 7

gas volume is inversely proportional to its pressure

Question 8

immediate changes of altitude occur to ensure what

Answer 8

more o2 molecules

Question 9

what are effects of short term adjustments to altitude

Answer 9

hyperventilation (chemoreceptors, lower alveolar pressure, raises alveolar o2, and lowers alveolar CO2 and causes alkalosis and diuresis

Question 10

What CV affects short term in adjustments

Answer 10

increased resting hr and cardiac output

Question 11

is there a defined difference in terms of altitude versus sea level

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

how is the hr effected during max exercise in altitude

Answer 12

cardiac strain is reduced due to limited max hr due to parasympathetic ns during exercise

Question 13

what is reduced during max exercise in atitude

Answer 13

lactate levels - lactate paradox as well as max hr

Question 14

what limits max hr during max exercise

Answer 14

activation of para sns - the blockade

Question 15

what is the parasympathetic blockade

Answer 15

glycopyrrolate - which restores max hr response to exercise

Question 16

at altitude partial pressure is increased or decrease of o2

Answer 16

reduced

Question 17

vo2 max reduces or increases when increasing altitude

Answer 17

reduces

Question 18

ventilation is lower or higher during exercise

Answer 18

higher

Question 19

what is the fick equation

Answer 19

vo2 = cardiac output X a-Vo2 difference

Question 20

why does co fall in response during submaximal exercise

Answer 20

more o2 in blood improving extraction and less cardiac strain

Question 21

what is the primary blood change during altitude

Answer 21

polycythemia due to an increase in erythropoietin

Question 22

what is polycythemia

Answer 22

increase in red blood cells

Question 23

what is epo

Answer 23

erythropoietin is a hormone increasing red blood cells from the liver

Question 24

what does an increase of blood cells mean ..

Answer 24

more o2 delivered - 260ml compared to 200ml - extream is 310ml

Question 25

decreased plasma volume in blood helps what

Answer 25

hemoglobin

Question 26

hyperventilation causes ..

Answer 26

alkalosis and a bohr shift

Question 27

how are capillaries effected

Answer 27

increase

Question 28

myoglobin increases or decreases

Answer 28

increases

Question 29

aerobic enzymes increases or decreases

Answer 29

increases

Question 30

muscle mithocondrai increases or decreases

Answer 30

unlikey

Question 31

lactate consumption and oxidation by active muscle increases or decreases

Answer 31

increases

Question 32

2 long term effects of pulmonary acid base

Answer 32

hyperventilation and excretion of base via kidneys

Question 33

2 effects of haematologic

Answer 33

decreased plasma v and increased haemaoctrit and rbc number

Question 34

5 local longer adjustments

Answer 34

the increased enzyme, loss of weight and lean mass and cappilliarizaton of skeletal muscle

Question 35

blood viscosity is effected true or false

Answer 35

true

Question 36

living at a high altitude can elicit more red blood cells

Answer 36

true

Question 37

negative effects

Answer 37

less muscle mass and increased ventilatory response, cv changes and loss of training intensity