week 2 neuroendrinology Flashcards
what is the thyroid hormone
catecholamines
what are the 2 peptides proteins
ACTN- adrenocorticotrophic and ADH
what are the 2 steroids
glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
what is blood hormone concentration determined by
the plasma and active receptors numbers
what effects plasma concentration
rate of secretion
rate of metabolism
quantity of transport proteins
changes in plasma volume
what influences secretion of hormones
endocrine glands affected by inputs that impact outputs by supporting or interfering
hormones only affect what
tissues that contain specific hormone receptors
what are the 2 steroids
glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
what factor influence secretion of hormones
endocrine glands support inputs or outputs
hormones only effect what tissue
with correct hormone receptors
what is downregulation
a decrease in receptor numbers in response to high concentrations oh hormones beta receptors
what is up regulation
an increase in receptor number due to low concentration hormone
what is the mechanism of action of steroid hormone
Steroids pass through cell membranes to target a cell and bind to a receptor.
effects gene expression and causing changes in biological processes
what 6 hormones pituitary gland secretes
ACTH
FSH
MSH
TSH
GH
LH
what does the posterior pituitary gland secrete
oxytocin and ADH
what does ADH do
stops water loss by maintaining plasma volume
where is fluid reabsorbed due to ADH
kidneys tubules
what is ADH stimulated by
1 high plasma osmolality and low plasma volume and sweating long periods with no water
what is the threshold of ADH to occur during exercise
60% vo2 to maintain plasma
what is slow acting hormones
act in permissive manner to allow other hormones to exert full effect
thyroid hormones are what type of hormone
slow
what does thyroid hormones do
influence number of receptors on surface of a call for other hormone to react with
triiodothyronine - t3 - enhances what
effect of epinephrine to move fatty acids from adipose tissue
glood glucose homeostasis during exercise is controlled by what
slow or fast hormones
what is growth hormone
helps growth
what is essential for growth of all tissue
amino acids and protein synthesis
where does growth hormone come from
anterior pituitary gland and hypothalamus
lack of t3 epe would be what
diminished
low thyroid would be linked to what
metabolic rate
growth hormone is controlled by what feedback
negative
exercise impacts hypothalamus which is a strongest what
stimulus
growth hormone does what to plasma glucose
spares it and increases gluconeogenesis
blocking glucose and mobilising fats
growth hormone is used to what
treat childhood dwarfism and help elderly
GH helps what
protein synthesis and long bones growth
There is no evidence that gh helps strength gain
true
what are side effects of gh
muscle aches, edema, water retention
how does gh change in exercise
blocks glucose entry to tissue and increases glucogenesis
in exercise plasma increase in gh in intensity t or f
t
over 60% vo2 causes increase in gh by 5/6 t or f
true
what is cortisol
a steroid hormone linked to stress
where does cortisol come from
adrenal cortex
is cortisol negative or positive feedback
negative
corticotropic releasing hormone thats released and acting on pituitary gland for cortisol t or f
t
what is the 3 steps of brainparts for cortisol
hypothalamus , anterior pituitary , adrenal cortex , cortisol
what is cortisol stimulated by
adrenocorticotrophic hormone - ACTH - stress and exercise
cortisol levels drop throughout the day f or t
true
exercise spikes cortisol t or f
true
cortisol is proportional to exercise
true
Catecholamines are secreted from where
adrenal medulla
what 2 hormones are secreted from adrenal medulla
epe and noepe
what type of hormones are epe and noepe
fast
the adrenal medulla is in which part of the adrenal gland
inner
what is epe and noepe
fight or flight hormone
what system is epe part of
sympathetic
epe makes up what percent
80
how does the body use glucose when using epe
to runaway or fight
what is the effect of epe and non epe
binding alpha and beta receptors onto tissues
effects of epe and non epe on cells
increase in -
glycolysis
lipolysis
vasodilation
plasma epe and noepe increase during exercise
t
trained vs untrained have better capacity to increase catecholamines
true
glycogen will decrease more rapidly due to higher intensity
true
what is the role in plasma epe in glycogenolysis
acts through beta receptors and increase plasma epe
why does epe not effect glycogen levels
Occurs through intercellular sarcoplasmic reticulum which monitors glycogen
What does the pancreas secrete and where
insulin - beta cells - promoting glucose in fat sand muscle
exo and endocrine
digestive into small intestines and blood
what does inuslin do
promotes storage of glucose and amino and fatty acids
beta cells
what does glucagon do
promotes molibisation of fatty acids and glucose and stimulates glycogenesis
when you eat does insulin increase or decrease
increased
when eaten a meal - does glucagon decrease or increase
decrease
after you eaten - does storage of glycogen increase or decrease
increase
after eating - do plasma, glycogen, aa and fa increase or decrease
decrease
insulin is a driver of uptake and storage
true
during fasting and exercise does hydrolisis increase
yes
insulin decreases during exercise and fasting
true
high levels of lactic acid
increases a s free fatty acids decrease due to hormone sensitive lipase
blood lactate onset is delayed in trained allowing them to use fatty acids for energy and spare cho
true
plasma increases as vo2 max increases with adh
true
Aldosterone is secreted from where
adrenal cortex - kidney
aldosterone controls what
sodium and potassium and reabsorption and blood volume / bp
the release of aldosterone is triggered by what
increased plasma postassium and decreased plasma volume
what type of feedback is aldosterone
negative
