Week Two - Foucault

Question 1

The changes from the late 18th Century to the late 19th Century weren’t just (or even) about enlightened thinking and social progress…

Answer 1

The economic changes and growing popular dissent of the 18th Century made a more systematic control over individual members of society necessary.

This effectively meant a change from punishment of the body to ‘reform’ which focused on the soul

Question 2

What sort of a society was being established?

Answer 2

A ‘carceral society’ was being established and punishment was being moved away from the public arena

Question 3

What was the public ritual of execution replaced by?

Answer 3

The public ritual of execution was replaced by the more subtle institutionalised punishment.

Question 4

What were 19th Century institutions designed to do?

Answer 4

19th Century institutions designed to control and encourage social conformity. Power over the masses.

It’s failure as a method of reforming offenders was actually a central part of the state’s penal strategy

Question 5

Who was last person to be executed in France?

Answer 5

Robert-Francois Damine’s

French domestic servant whose attempted assassination of King Louis XV of France in 1757 culminated in his notorious and controversial public execution.

He was the last person to be executed in France by drawing and quartering - traditional form of death penalty used for regicides

Question 6

What is the Marxist view about the Criminal Justice System?

Answer 6

Controlling the labour force in the interests of the capitalist class

Criminal Justice System is required to endorse a capitalist social structure

Question 7

What happened in the 20th Century?

Answer 7

Criminology emerged

There was a shift from classicism to positivism