Week 9 - Young adulthood Flashcards
3 markers of the transition into adulthood, according to studies across many countries (incl. Australia, China, US. some europe and some south america).
accepting responsibility for oneself
making independent decisions
becoming financially independent.
rank highest not just across cultures and nations, but also across age groups, ethnic groups and social classes
Anthropologists have found that in virtually all traditional cultures, the transition to adulthood is clearly and explicitly marked by ___________. (+1 interpretation)
marriage
One possible interpretation would be that traditional cultures elevate marriage as the key transition to adulthood because they prize the collectivistic value of interdependence
The heart muscle starts to become more _____
rigid
Deposits of ______ and _____ begin to accumulate in the arteries of the cardiovascular system
cholesterol and fat
Levels of human ______ _______ gradually decline in young adulthood and beyond, causing the skin to become looser and the amount of muscle mass to decrease
growth hormone
vital capacity decreases beginning at age 25, but only at about ____% per decade
10%
Both ___ and ___ Cells reduce
T and B
An adult with a BMI of over ____ is classified as overweight, and an adult with a BMI over ___is obese
25 30
basal metabolic rate (BMR)
amount of energy the body uses when at rest
A recent national New Zealand Health Survey (2015–16) found that almost ___% of the population were obese, with a further ___% being overweight but not obese.
32
35
Researchers have found that a specific protein, ________, is involved in weight levels in both animals and humans
leptin
Reasons for obesity increase:
less exercise (more sedentary)
more caloric intake
cheap unhealthy foods
Common problems resulting from obesity in young adulthood are (4):
high blood pressure,
diabetes,
sleep disorders
and digestive problems
aerobic exercise
exercise that involves vigorous movement that substantially elevates the heart rate for at least 30 minutes
most adults in developed countries do not take part in regular exercise, with _____% of adults in Australia not participating in recommended levels of sufficient physical activity
56%
expertise
extensive knowledge and skills in a specific field
creativity
ability to put ideas or materials together in new, culturally meaningful ways
triangular theory of love
Sternberg’s theory that different types of love involve combining three fundamental qualities in different ways: passion, intimacy and commitment
About ___% of people in most societies eventually marry or form another kind of long-term romantic partnership
90%
3 types of economic transaction included as part of marriage
bride price,
bride service,
dowry
India, for example, has a history of arranged marriage that has existed for 6000 years (Prakasa & Rao, 1979). Today, however, nearly ___% of young Indians say they intend to choose their own mates
40
bride service
marital arrangement in which the groom is obligated to work for the bride’s family for a designated period before and/or after the marriage
dowry
marriage custom that transfers money or property from the bride’s family to the groom and his family
factors that especially predict marital satisfaction
Realistic expectations.
Shared interests
Shared roles and responsibilities
Shared power
expressive divorce
according to Barbara Whitehead, the type of divorce common in the West today, in which people expect marriage to fulfil their emotional needs for love and intimacy, and they seek a divorce if it ceases to do so
Risk factors for divorce (4)
young age at marriage (younger than 25)
having divorced parents,
low religious involvement
young adulthood
In Australia, the median duration from marriage to divorce in 2015 was __.___ years
12.1 years
Divorce over this 9-year period was predicted most strongly by infidelity, disagreements over money and excessive drinking or drug use.
For both men and women, divorce is followed by increased risk of psychological problems such as depression and anxiety disorders, as well as sleep disorders and increased substance use.
16% of children live with the unmarried father rather than with the mother
five stages of occupational goals (not everyone fits the pattern prescribed by the theory, and certainly not according to these precise ages.)
Crystallisation, ages 14–18. start to consider how their talents and interests match up with the occupational possibilities available to them.
Specification, ages 18–21. more focused.
Implementation, ages 21–24. completing the education and entering the job itself.
Stabilisation, ages 25–35. establish themselves in their careers.
Consolidation, age 35 and up. occupational development means continuing to gain expertise and seeking advancement into higher status positions as expertise grows.
second shift
term for the domestic work that women must perform after they complete their shift in the workplace
