Week 8 - Emerging Adulthood (A) - Physical Development Flashcards
5 Characteristics that distinguish emerging adulthood
the age of identity explorations
the age of instability
the self-focused age
the age of feeling in-between
the age of possibilities.
VO2 max peaks in the _____ 20s
early
cardiac output, the quantity of blood flow from the heart, peaks at age ____
25
Reaction time is also faster in the early ___ than at any other time of life.
20s
The lifestyles of many emerging adults often include a variety of factors that undermine health, such as (4)
poor nutrition,
binge-drinking alcohol,
lack of sleep and
the high stress of trying to juggle school and work or multiple jobs
delayed sleep phase syndrome
a pattern of sleeping far longer on weekends and holidays than on school or work days, which leads to poor academic and job performance as well as excessive sleepiness during school and work days.
Two-thirds of students report occasional sleep problems and about one-quarter report frequent severe sleep disturbances such as insomnia
Sleep disturbances are in turn related to a wide variety of problems, such as depression and anxiety
Sleep researchers have established that people vary in their ____________ and ___________
morningness and eveningness
Sleep experts recommend the following practices to promote sleep hygiene:
waking at the same time each day
getting regular exercise
taking late-afternoon naps
limiting caffeine intake
avoiding excessive alcohol intake
turning off all technology at night.
social control
restraints on behaviour imposed by social obligations and relationships
____________ injuries are the leading cause of death during emerging adulthood in developed countries
motor vehicle
Rates of accidents and fatalities are extremely high in the early months of driving, but fall dramatically by _________ after licensure
1 year
_________of American university students report driving while intoxicated within the past year
Nearly half
What can be done to reduce the rates of car accidents and fatalities among young drivers?
graduated driver licensing (GDL) (most effective)
also
Parental involvement and monitoring of adolescents’ driving behaviour has been shown to be especially important in the early months of driving, and interventions to increase parental involvement can be effective
graduated driver licensing (GDL)
government program in which young people obtain driving privileges gradually, contingent on a safe driving record, rather than all at once
One summary review (or meta-analysis) of 21 studies conducted by Jean Shope in 2007 concluded that GDL programs consistently reduce young drivers’ crash risk by ___ - ___%. Driving curfews in particular have been found to reduce young people’s crash involvement dramatically.
20–40%
in Australia found that, compared to 2001, emerging adults were drinking less alcohol, smoking less and using fewer illicit drugs, but with ___- to ___-year-olds most likely to exceed guidelines
18- to 24-year-olds
What explains the higher rates of substance use among some emerging adults? Wayne Osgood proposes:
propensity and opportunity.
unstructured socialising
socialising with friends without any specific goal or activity; includes behaviour such as riding around in a car for fun, going to parties, visiting friends informally and going out with friends
