week 9 - urinary and reproductive systems

Question 1

parts of kidney

Answer 1

fibrous capsule -> cortex -> medulla -> pyramid separated by columns -> papilla -> minor calyx -> major calyx -> renal pelvis -> ureter -> urinary bladder -> urethra

Question 2

what is the renal hilum ?

Answer 2

renal vein & artery, ureter

Question 3

what are the 3 parts of the ureter ?

Answer 3

abdominal, pelvic, intramural (urinary bladder wall)

Question 4

nephron flow diagram

Answer 4

glomerus in bowman’s capsule -> prox convulated tubule -> loop of henle -> distal convulate tubule -> collecting duct

Question 5

how many ureters are there ?

Answer 5

2 ureters - 1 from each kidney - to transport uring from kidney -> bladder

Question 6

what is the bladder ?

Answer 6

muscular organ in pelvic cavity

Question 7

what is the trigone ?

Answer 7

triangular area with 2 ureter opening and urethra opening

Question 8

what type of muscles surrounds bladder ?

Answer 8

smooth muscle

Question 9

what is the tube from scrotum (ball sack) -> prostate ?

Answer 9

vas deferens

Question 10

what does the prostate produce ?

Answer 10

semen

Question 11

where is the prostate and what passes via it?

Answer 11

inferior to bladder pierced by urethra & ejaculatory ducts

Question 12

what are the 3 parts of male urethra ?

Answer 12

• prostate part -> via prostate joined by ejaculatory ducts
• membranous part -> crosses pelvic floor
• spongiose part -> transvers corpus spongiosum

Question 13

what covers the scrotum ?

Answer 13

epididymis

Question 14

what divides the scrotum into 2 sacs ?

Answer 14

septum

Question 15

what are the 2 muscles in the scrotum ?

Answer 15

cremastor (skeletal) & dartos (smooth)

Question 16

where does the ejaculator duct drain into ?

Answer 16

prostatic urethra

Question 17

what does Point and Shoot refer to ?

Answer 17

erection - parasympathetic

ejaculation - sympathetic

Question 18

where do ovaries lie ?

Answer 18

either side of uterus

Question 19

how are ovaries suspended in pelvic cavity ?

Answer 19

broad lig, ovarian lig, suspensory lig

Question 20

what is the vulva ?

Answer 20

external part of female genitalia

Question 21

what are the lips of vulva called ?

Answer 21

outer - major labia

inner - minor labia

Question 22

what are fimbrae and what are their function ?

Answer 22

strand-like projections at the ends of the fallopian tube activated by hormones to move down released egg into tube

Question 23

what is the origin of the renal artery ?

Answer 23

R - anterolateral aspect of aorta

L - slightly higher & more lateral aspect of aorta

Question 24

where do the renal veins drain into ?

Answer 24

kidney IVC

Question 25

what is pyelonephritis ?

Answer 25

type of urinary tract infection (UTI) generally beginning in urethra or bladder

Question 26

what are the most likely places for urinary tract stones to be lodged ?

Answer 26

ureter

Question 27

what happens if ureter becomes obstructed by a stone ?

Answer 27

blocks urine flow - kidneys swell causing pain

Question 28

where are the internal & external sphincters located ?

Answer 28

int - continuous with detrusor muscles | ext - distal & inferior to bladder neck

Question 29

what are detrusor muscles ?

Answer 29

smooth muscle found in wall of bladder

Question 30

what is circumcision?

Answer 30

surgical removal or penis foreskin

Question 31

where does fertilisation usually occur ?

Answer 31

fallopian tubes - ampulla

Question 32

what are the different partsof the fallopian tubes ?

Answer 32

infudibulum -> ampulla -> isthmus -> intruterine