week 1 - axial skeleton

Question 1

e.g. of simple squamous

Answer 1

kidney, lung

Question 2

e.g. of stratified squamous

Answer 2

skin, throat, esophagus

Question 3

e.g. of simple columnar

Answer 3

GIT

Question 4

e.g. of pseudo stratified columnar

Answer 4

upper respiratory tract

Question 5

e.g. of simple cuboidal

Answer 5

liver

Question 6

e.g. of transitional

Answer 6

bladder, lines ureter

Question 7

3 types of cells junctions

Answer 7

• tight (prevent passage of fluid/solutes)
• gap (permit free diffusion of ion/small molecules)
• desosome (resist stretching/twisting)

Question 8

2 types of epithelium tissue (surface cells)

Answer 8

• membraneous (covers or lines surface)

- glandular (secretory units)

Question 9

cell classification depends on

Answer 9

• nucleus shape (flat, round, oval)
• nucleus position (basal, central, apex)
• cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar)
• cell arrangement (simple, stratitified)
• surface absorption (cilia, microvilli)

Question 10

3 types of connective tissue

Answer 10

• CT proper -> loose (fat, adipose), dense (tendons, lig)
• fluid proper -> blood, lymph
• supporting -> bone, cartilage

Question 11

6 types of bone shape

Answer 11

• sutural (skull sutures)
• irregular (vertebrae)
• short (phalanges)
• flat (parietal)
• long (femur, humorous)
• sesamoid (patella)

Question 12

describe long bone structure from proximal -> distal

Answer 12

prx epiphysis -> prx metaphysis -> diaphysis (shaft) -> dis metaphysis -> dis epiphysis

Question 13

what is the petrous part of temporal bone?

Answer 13

boundary between middle and posterior cranial fossa

Question 14

4 types of sutures

Answer 14

• coronal (front)
• sagital ( down the middle of skull)
• lambdoid (back)
• squamous (side)

Question 15

what is bregma?

Answer 15

intersection of sagital and coronal suture

Question 16

what is lamda?

Answer 16

intersection of sagital and lambdoid suture

Question 17

3 types of foramina on greater wing of sphenoid

Answer 17

• foramen rotundum
• foramen ovale
• foramen spinosum

Question 18

what bone does the mandible articulate with ?

Answer 18

temporal bone

Question 19

which bones articulate with left parietal bone ?

Answer 19

left temportal, frontal, occipital

Question 20

what bone forms prominence of cheek on face ?

Answer 20

zygomatic bone

Question 21

what opening in skull allows brain to be continuous with spinal cord ?

Answer 21

foramen magnum

Question 22

how many spinal curvatures ?

Answer 22

• primary -> thoracic & sacral (pelvic)

- secondary -> cervical (kyphosis) & lumbar (lordosis)

Question 23

what are the parts of a typical vertebra ?

Answer 23

• process -> transverse (x2 sides), spinous (back)
• body
• pedicle -> protrusion joins body with processes
• lamina -> vertebra arch joins spinous & transverse process
• vertebral foramen -> together form spinal canal

Question 24

what are the parts of a vertebral column ?

Answer 24

• cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5)
• sacral (5)
• coccygeal
• intervertebral discs
• intervertebral foramina -> formed by notches
• facet joints -> between articular joints

Question 25

when do secondary curvatures form ?

Answer 25

changes curvatures as baby grows

• cervical -> once head lifts
• lumbar -> as baby walks

Question 26

distinguish between 3 types of vertebra

Answer 26

• cervical -> bifolded spinous process
• thoracic -> transverse process facets, spinous process projected inferiorly
• lumbar -> spinous process blunt/thick & points posteriorly

Question 27

distinguish C1 vertebra

Answer 27

no vertebra body - instead 2 lateral masses

Question 28

distinguish C2 vertebra

Answer 28

dens project into C1 - allow for rotation

Question 29

what does superior articular process of vertebra articulate with?

Answer 29

inferior articular process of superior vertebra

Question 30

what structure unites 2 corresponding vertebral bodies?

Answer 30

interveterbral disks

Question 31

3 types of ribs

Answer 31

• true ribs (7)
• false (3)
• floating (2- no vertebral attachment)

Question 32

what are the part of the sternum ?

Answer 32

manubrium, sternum body, xiphoid process (bottom)

Question 33

what is the sternum angle ?

which rib articulates here?

Answer 33

angle between sternum & manubrium @ manubriosternual joint - articulates with 2nd rib