week 3 - muscular system

Question 1

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 1

• skeletal (voluntary) -> movement
• smooth (involuntary) -> bladder
• cardiac (involuntary) -> heart

Question 2

3 connective tissue layers

Answer 2

epimysium (entire muscle ) -> perimysium (fasicle) -> endomysium (muscle cell for insulation)

Question 3

what is a fascicle ?

Answer 3

bundle of muscle cells/fibres

Question 4

what is a myofibril ?

Answer 4

contains filaments within muscle cell

Question 5

what makes up a motor unit ?

Answer 5

motor neurons & muscle fibres, and nerves it innervates

Question 6

what is a neuromuscular junction ?

Answer 6

where motor neuron meets muscle cell membrane

Question 7

what is the chain of structure from skin -> muscle ?

Answer 7

skin -> fascia -> deep fascia -> interosseus membrane -> intermuscular septae -> muscle

Question 8

during contraction, do muscles move towards origin or insertion ?

Answer 8

pull towards insertion

Question 9

2 types of contraction

Answer 9

• isometric (same length, no movement)

- isotonic (different length, shortens/lengthens)

Question 10

7 muscle fasicle arrangements

Answer 10

• circular
• convergent
• parallel strap
• unipennate
• bipennate
• multipennate
• fusiform

Question 11

what are the upper limb muscles visible anteriorly ?

Answer 11

• deltoid
• pectoralis major
• trapzeius
• teres major
• latissimus dorsi

Question 12

what are the upper limb muscles visible posteriorly ?

Answer 12

• trapezius
• latissimus dorsi
• rhomboid major
• levator scapulae

Question 13

what makes up the rotator cuff muscles ?

Answer 13

• supraspinatus
• infraspinatus
• subscapular
• teres minor

Question 14

where does the bachialis insert ?

Answer 14

ulna tuberosity

Question 15

where does the biceps brachii insert ?

Answer 15

radial tuberosity

Question 16

where does the tricepts insert ?

Answer 16

olecrannon process of ulna

Question 17

which arm muscle(s) can you see anteriorly ?

Answer 17

biceps brachii (superior) & brachialis (inferior)

Question 18

which arm muscle(s) can you see posteriorly ?

Answer 18

triceps

Question 19

from which view are forearm extensors and flexors visible ?

Answer 19

flexors - anterior

extensors - posterior

Question 20

3 types of intrinsic hand muscles

Answer 20

• thenar
• hypothenar
• middle

Question 21

what are the muscles of lower limb ?

Answer 21

• gluteal region (gluteus maximus, piriformis)
• thigh (quadriceps fermoris, sartorius), adductors, hamstrings
• leg (extensor/dorsiflexor, fibularis, plantarfexors)

Question 22

where are the 4 quadriceps and where are they located ?

Answer 22

anterior thigh - rectus femoris (superior), vastus medialus, vastus laterus, vastus intermedias (inferior)

Question 23

where are adductors located ?

Answer 23

medial thigh

Question 24

what are the 3 hamstrings and where are they located ?

Answer 24

posterior thigh - semitendinous, semimembraneous, bicep femoris (lateral)

Question 25

prime mover for shoulder extension and flexion ?

Answer 25

extension - latissimus dorsi

flexion - pectoralis major

Question 26

prime mover for elbow extension and flexion ?

Answer 26

extension - triceps

flexion - brachialis

Question 27

prime mover for wrist extension and flexion ?

Answer 27

extension - forearm extensors

flexion - forearm flexors

Question 28

where is sartorius located ?

Answer 28

anterior medial thigh

Question 29

what are the leg muscles and where are they located ?

Answer 29

• plantarlexor (posterior) -> gastrocnemius (superior), soleous (inferior)
• fibularis (lateral) -> brevis, longus

Question 30

what is the patella ligament ?

Answer 30

extension of quadriceps femoris tendon

Question 31

what are the 4 abdominal muscles ?

Answer 31

rectus abdominal, transver adbomins, internal oblique, external oblique

Question 32

what is the linea alba ?

Answer 32

white line running down the midline of abdomen

Question 33

what is the muscle around eye ?

Answer 33

orbicularis oculi

Question 34

what is the muscle around mouth ?

Answer 34

orbicularis oris

Question 35

what is the muscle below cheeks ?

Answer 35

buccinator

Question 36

what muscle has 2 bellys extending from frontal -> occipital bone ?

Answer 36

occipito-frontalis

Question 37

what muscle(s) is responsible for mastication ?

Answer 37

masseter & temporalis

Question 38

what is the sternocleidomastoid for ?

Answer 38

head rotation & neck flexion