week 6 - integumentary system / skin

Question 1

2 main layers of skin

Answer 1

• epidermis

- dermis

Question 2

what strengthens adhesion between the 2 layers ?

Answer 2

epidermal ridges/ pegs & dermal papillae

Question 3

what is hypodermis ?

Answer 3

loost CT layer in adipose

Question 4

what is keratinosation ?

Answer 4

• keratinocytes layers in epidermis

- migrate from basal -> surface in 20-30 days

Question 5

what are the epidermis layers ?

Answer 5

• stratum corneum
• stratum lucidum
• stratum granulosum
• stratum spinosum
• stratum basale

Question 6

what is epidermis made of ?

Answer 6

90% keratinocytes , melanocytes, langerhands cells, merkel cells

Question 7

what is dermis made of ?

Answer 7

dense irregular CT - mostly collagen & elastic fibres

include; sensory receptors, sweat, glands, hairs

Question 8

what is hair ?

Answer 8

long keratinised structure

Question 9

what is hair shaft ?

Answer 9

portion protuding beyond skin

Question 10

what muscle is responsible for pulling hair erect when cold ?

Answer 10

arrector pili

Question 11

what is the nail bed ?

Answer 11

epidermis beneath nail

Question 12

what is the lacrimal apparatus ?

Answer 12

lacrimal gland - produces/drainages lacrimal fluid (tears)

Question 13

function of tears ?

Answer 13

moisten, nutrient supply, antimicrobial flush

Question 14

what are 3 organisation layers of eyeball ?

Answer 14

• fibrous (sclera)
• vascular
• inner (retina)

Question 15

what makes up the fibrous layer of eye ?

Answer 15

sclera, cornear

Question 16

what makes up the vascular layer of eye?

Answer 16

lens, iris,(colour), pupil, ciliary body (muscles & process), choroid, fovea,

Question 17

what makes up the inner layer of eye ?

Answer 17

retina, optic nerve, optic disc (blind spot)

Question 18

what happens to ciliary muscles when eyes focuses ?

Answer 18

near - contracted

far - relaxed

Question 19

what is the difference between rods and cones ?

Answer 19

cones - colour

rods - monochrome

Question 20

layers of retina from internal -> external

Answer 20

ganglion cell -> bipolar cell -> rods & cones

Question 21

what is in the anterior segment ?

Answer 21

aqueous humour

Question 22

what is in the posterior segment ?

Answer 22

vitrous humour

Question 23

what is the optic chiasm ?

Answer 23

intersection of the 2 optic nerves `

Question 24

where is the ear located ?

Answer 24

temporal bone

Question 25

what makes up the external ear ?

Answer 25

pinna -> tymphanic membrane

Question 26

what are the 3 bones of the ear ?

Answer 26

malleus, incus, stapes

Question 27

what is adjacent to stapes ?

Answer 27

oval window

Question 28

what is the function of auditory tube ?

Answer 28

equalises pressure and drains excess mucous

Question 29

what are the 2 muscles in middle ear ?

Answer 29

tensor tymphani & stapedius

Question 30

what makes up the bony labyrinth ?

Answer 30

cochlea, vestibule, semi-circular canals | system of space filled with perilymph

Question 31

what makes up the membraneous labyrinth ?

Answer 31

system of sacs & tubes within bony labyrinth filled with endolymph

Question 32

what is the cochlea ?

Answer 32

coils around bony core - scala vestibuli/media (duct)/tymphani

Question 33

what is the spiral organ ?

Answer 33

sits on basilar membrane containing hair cells & gel-like tectorial membrane covering

Question 34

what happens when stereocilia bends ?

Answer 34

releases neurotransmitter & activates hair cells

Question 35

what is the function of the fovea ?

Answer 35

region of clearest vision in retina, retina layers spred aside to let light fall on cones directly

Question 36

what type of photoreceptors is located at fovea ?

Answer 36

only cones