week 7 - cardiovascular system

Question 1

what makes up the CVS ?

Answer 1

heart, arteries, veins, capillaries

Question 2

3 types of arteries ?

Answer 2

elastic, muscular, arteriole

Question 3

3 types of veins ?

Answer 3

large, medium, venules

Question 4

what is the lymphatic system ?

Answer 4

• connected to CVS via nervous system
• component of immune system
• carry lymph fluid via lymph vessel

Question 5

what is the tunicae of blood vessels ?

Answer 5

tunica adventita (outer) -> tunica media -> tunic intima (inner)

Question 6

3 types of capillaries ?

Answer 6

continuous, fenestrated (pores), sinusoid (incomplete)

Question 7

what is vasa vasorum ?

Answer 7

vessel within vessel

Question 8

what is vasa nervi ?

Answer 8

vessel in nerve

Question 9

what is nervi vasorum ?

Answer 9

nerve in vessel

Question 10

what are the layers of heart ?

Answer 10

epicardium (outer) -> myocardium -> endocardium (inner)

Question 11

what are the 4 heart valves ?

Answer 11

semi-lunar valve
- pulmonary valve (R ventricle -> pulmonary trunk)

lunar valve
- aortic valve (L ventricle -> aorta

atrioventricular valves

• tricuspid (R atrium-> R ventricle)
• bicuspid/mitral (L atrium -> L ventricle)

Question 12

what are the 2 parts of the respiratory muscle ?

Answer 12

upper -> nasal cavity, pharnyx, larnyx

lower -> trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Question 13

describe respiratory muscle epithelium

Answer 13

pseudo stratified ciliated column epithelium w/goblet cells

Question 14

what do olfactory nerves run through ?

Answer 14

cribiform plate of ethmoid

Question 15

describe the flow of blood in the heart

Answer 15

deoxygenated blood enters via SVC & IVC & coronary sinus -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary artery -> lungs
AND
oxygenated blood enters via pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta -> body

Question 16

what are the branches of the aortic arch ?

Answer 16

brachiocephalic artery -> R subclavian & R common carotid
L common carotid
L subclavian

Question 17

what are the branches of the superior vena cava?

Answer 17

R subclavian
R internal jugular
L internal jugular
L subclavian

Question 18

what is the region between pharynx and oral cavity ?

Answer 18

oropharyngeal isthmus

Question 19

what is the covering between the larynx and pharynx ?

Answer 19

laryngeal inlet

Question 20

what are the 4 types of cartilage in larynx ?

Answer 20

epiglottis, arytenoid (x2), thyroid, cricoid (small @ front)

Question 21

what is the rima glottis ?

Answer 21

space between the vocal cords

Question 22

what are the 2 folds in the larynx ?

Answer 22

top - vestibular (false)

bottom - vocal (true)

Question 23

how many branches for bronchi ?

Answer 23

right - 3

left - 2

Question 24

how many lobes in each lung and why ?

Answer 24

right - 3

left - 2, left side of heart takes up more space

Question 25

what is pleura ?

Answer 25

double layer of serous membrane for lungs

Question 26

what is the main muscle in thorax ?

Answer 26

diaphragm

Question 27

where is the thorax ?

Answer 27

body between neck and abdomin

Question 28

what is the function of the semilunar valves?

Answer 28

prevent backflow of blood going from right ventricle -> pulmonary trunk

Question 29

what is the mechanism of how semilunar valves work ?

Answer 29

ventricular contraction

Question 30

where is the fossa ovalis ?

Answer 30

right atrium

Question 31

what is the relationship between chordae tendinae and papillary muscle ?

Answer 31

attach papillary muscles to atrioventricular valves via chordae tendinae - tendinous strands

Question 32

what seperates the ventricles ?

Answer 32

interventricular septae

Question 33

what is the difference between diastole and systole ?

Answer 33

distole - refilling heart | systole - emptying of heart

Question 34

what is the function of the lunar valve ?

Answer 34

prevent backflow of blood going from left ventricle -> aorta