week 4 - nervous system, brain & cranial nerves Flashcards
what makes up the nervous system ?
CNS (brain, spinal cord) & PNS (nerves & ganglia)
when is the body regulated by sympathetic and parasympathetic division ?
sympathetic - during activity
parasympathetic - during rest
what system is sympathetic and parasympathetic under ?
ANS - autonomous nervous
what are the 2 motor systems ?
autonomous - visceral motor (involuntary) to cardiac & smooth muscles
somatic - somatic motor (voluntary) to skeletal muscles
what neuron division carries impulse from stimuli -> CNS ?
sensory nervous system (affarent)
what neuron division carries impulse from CNS -> muscle ?
motor nervous system (efferent)
what is the telencephalon ?
also known as cerebrum - contains cerebral cortex (outer layer or neural tissue)
what is the diencephalon and where is it ?
posterior to forebrain -> between telecephalon & midbrain - relays sensory information to brain regions
what is the corpus callosum ?
large white C-shaped nerve fibre bundle beneath cerebral cortex
what makes up the brain stem ?
pons & medulla oblongata
starting from anterior to wrapping around the lateral sulcus, list the different brain areas responsible for body functions
broca’s area (motor speech) -> precentral gyrus (motor) -> post central gyrus (somasensory) -> wernick’s area (receptive speech) -> superior temporal gyrus (auditory)
where is the visual processing of the brain ?
occipital lobe
which sulcus are visible on the outer surface ?
central & lateral
which sulcus are visible on the medial surface ?
parieto-occipital & calcarine
where is CSF produced ?
lateral ventricles
what is the flow of CSF via the ventricles ?
lateral ventricles -> interventricular foramina -> third ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> fourth ventricle -> central canal
what is the layers of meninges ?
skin -> peirosteum -> skull -> dura matter -> arachnoid space -> pia matter
what dura matter seperates L & R hemispheres ?
falx cerebeli
what dura matter seperates occipilatal lobe from cerebellum ?
tentorium cerebeli
how many sensory nerves ? how are they distributed ?
12 total
- 3 pure sensory
- 5 pure motor
- 4 mixed
what is the significance of bregma in infants ?
- has no fused & acts as reference point for surgery
- dip indicates dehydration
- bulge indicates intercranial pressure
how does the meningeal layers differ brain and spinal cord ?
in brain -> dura matter attached to skull
in spine -> dura matter separated from vertebra by space - epidural space
how many layers do spinal meningeal have ?
2
what is the function of thalamus ?
receives information
