week 4 - nervous system, brain & cranial nerves

Question 1

what makes up the nervous system ?

Answer 1

CNS (brain, spinal cord) & PNS (nerves & ganglia)

Question 2

when is the body regulated by sympathetic and parasympathetic division ?

Answer 2

sympathetic - during activity

parasympathetic - during rest

Question 3

what system is sympathetic and parasympathetic under ?

Answer 3

ANS - autonomous nervous

Question 4

what are the 2 motor systems ?

Answer 4

autonomous - visceral motor (involuntary) to cardiac & smooth muscles
somatic - somatic motor (voluntary) to skeletal muscles

Question 5

what neuron division carries impulse from stimuli -> CNS ?

Answer 5

sensory nervous system (affarent)

Question 6

what neuron division carries impulse from CNS -> muscle ?

Answer 6

motor nervous system (efferent)

Question 7

what is the telencephalon ?

Answer 7

also known as cerebrum - contains cerebral cortex (outer layer or neural tissue)

Question 8

what is the diencephalon and where is it ?

Answer 8

posterior to forebrain -> between telecephalon & midbrain - relays sensory information to brain regions

Question 9

what is the corpus callosum ?

Answer 9

large white C-shaped nerve fibre bundle beneath cerebral cortex

Question 10

what makes up the brain stem ?

Answer 10

pons & medulla oblongata

Question 11

starting from anterior to wrapping around the lateral sulcus, list the different brain areas responsible for body functions

Answer 11

broca’s area (motor speech) -> precentral gyrus (motor) -> post central gyrus (somasensory) -> wernick’s area (receptive speech) -> superior temporal gyrus (auditory)

Question 12

where is the visual processing of the brain ?

Answer 12

occipital lobe

Question 13

which sulcus are visible on the outer surface ?

Answer 13

central & lateral

Question 14

which sulcus are visible on the medial surface ?

Answer 14

parieto-occipital & calcarine

Question 15

where is CSF produced ?

Answer 15

lateral ventricles

Question 16

what is the flow of CSF via the ventricles ?

Answer 16

lateral ventricles -> interventricular foramina -> third ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> fourth ventricle -> central canal

Question 17

what is the layers of meninges ?

Answer 17

skin -> peirosteum -> skull -> dura matter -> arachnoid space -> pia matter

Question 18

what dura matter seperates L & R hemispheres ?

Answer 18

falx cerebeli

Question 19

what dura matter seperates occipilatal lobe from cerebellum ?

Answer 19

tentorium cerebeli

Question 20

how many sensory nerves ? how are they distributed ?

Answer 20

12 total

• 3 pure sensory
• 5 pure motor
• 4 mixed

Question 21

what is the significance of bregma in infants ?

Answer 21

• has no fused & acts as reference point for surgery
• dip indicates dehydration
• bulge indicates intercranial pressure

Question 22

how does the meningeal layers differ brain and spinal cord ?

Answer 22

in brain -> dura matter attached to skull

in spine -> dura matter separated from vertebra by space - epidural space

Question 23

how many layers do spinal meningeal have ?

Answer 23

2

Question 24

what is the function of thalamus ?

Answer 24

receives information

Question 25

what is the function of hypothalamus ?

Answer 25

maintains homeostasis

Question 26

what is the function of medulla oblongata ?

Answer 26

contains cardiac functions - breathing, heartbeat

Question 27

what is the function of CSF ?

Answer 27

• cushion brains as a shock absorber
• circulates nutrients/chemicals filters from brain
• removes waster products from brain

Question 28

how does the CSF get from ventricular system -> subarachnoid space surrounding brain ?

Answer 28

apertures in the 4th ventricle