week 8 - gastrointestinal tract

Question 1

what are the GIT accessory glands ?

Answer 1

salivary, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

Question 2

layers of GIT

Answer 2

serosa -> muscularis -> submucosa -> mucosa -> lumen

Question 3

what are the 2 types of muscles in muscularis ?

Answer 3

cylindrical & longitudinal

Question 4

what makes up the musocsa ?

Answer 4

muscularis mucosae -> lamina propria -> epithelium

Question 5

what are the 3 parts of the oseophagus ?

Answer 5

cervical -> thoracic -> abdominal

Question 6

parts of the stomach

Answer 6

eosophagus -> gastroesophagul/cardiac junction -> cardia -> fundas -> body of corpus -> antrum -> pylorus -> pyloric sphincter

Question 7

what is the texture of the stomach inside ?

Answer 7

rugae

Question 8

parts of the small intestine

Answer 8

duodenum -> jejunum -> ileum

Question 9

where are the 2 papilla ?

Answer 9

on the medial wall of duodenal wall - lesser papilla above greater papilla

Question 10

what is the mesentry ?

Answer 10

double layer peritoneum suspending jejunum and ileum containing blood vessels and nerves

Question 11

parts of the large intestine

Answer 11

ileum -> veriform appendix & cecum -> ascending colon -> right flexture (hepatic) -> transverse colon -> left flexture (spleenic) -> descending colon -> sigmoid colon -> rectum -> anal canal -> anus

Question 12

what are haustrations ?

Answer 12

sacculations / bulge

Question 13

function of small intestine

Answer 13

segmentation/digestion/absorption of nutrientd

Question 14

function of large intestine

Answer 14

resorption of water

formation & expulsion of faceces

Question 15

what are taeniae coli and how many are there ?

Answer 15

longitudinal bands of outer smooth muscle layer on the colons of large intestine

Question 16

where is the gall bladder >

Answer 16

sits under the liver

Question 17

describe the ducts connecting the liver to the small intestine

Answer 17

R.H duct & L.H duct form common heptic duct -> C.H duct & gall bladder cystic duct form common bile duct -> C.B duct & pancreatic duct form Ampulla of vater / hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 18

what are hepatic lobule ?

Answer 18

functional unit of liver

• filled with hepatocytes
• have portal triads on the edges (bile duct, hepatic artery, portal vein)
• bile canaliculi (thin tubes connecting bile)
• central vein with hepatic sinusoids projecting towards centre

Question 19

types of teeth

Answer 19

incisors, canine, premolars, molars

Question 20

3 types of salivary glands

Answer 20

• sublingual glands with ducts inferior tongue
• submandibular gland with duct inferior tongue
• paratod gland with duct posterior tongue

Question 21

4 types of papillae on tongue

Answer 21

• everywhere -> fungiform (red) & filliform (white)
• edges -> foliate
• form V -> circumvallate

Question 22

2 types of tongue tonsils

Answer 22

palatine posterior edges & lingual posterior tongue

Question 23

which liver lobe is larger ?

Answer 23

right

Question 24

what are the 4 lobes in the liver lobe ?

Answer 24

left, caudate, quadrate, right

Question 25

where is the porta hepatis ?

Answer 25

between caudate and quadrate

Question 26

what is in the porta hepatis ?

Answer 26

hepatic artery, portal vein, common hepatic duct

Question 27

describe the blood supply to liver

Answer 27

oxy blood from hepatic artery & nutrient-rich deoxy blood from intestines -> liver sinusoids -> central vein -> hepatic vein -> IVC -> right atrium

Question 28

what branches off the abdominal trunk ?

Answer 28

celiac trunk, superior & inferior mesentric artery

Question 29

what are milk teeth ?

Answer 29

early temporary teeth in children which fall out as permanent teeth

Question 30

what are wisdom teeth ?

Answer 30

3rd molar erupt later in life

Question 31

how does the tongue assist in swallowing and speech ?

Answer 31

• presses crushed food against palate -> moves this to bolus to be swallowed
• helps push air from lungs

Question 32

what is the function of the lingual tonsil ?

Answer 32

prevents infection by producing antibodies

Question 33

what is the function of saliva ?

Answer 33

releases enzymes to chemically break down food

Question 34

what is the relation of IVC to liver ?

Answer 34

drains deoxy blood from liver

Question 35

what is the function of the pancreas ?

Answer 35

releases insulin & other enzymes/hormones

Question 36

what is peristalsis and where does it occur ?

Answer 36

series of wave-like muscles contraction in digestive tract

Question 37

what is segmentation and where does it occur ?

Answer 37

circular muscles contractions surrounding intestine occurring in intestines