Week 9 - Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Define respiratory tract

A

Conducting portion, from nasal cavity to larger bronchioles

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2
Q

Define pharynx

A

Chamber shared by digestive and respiratory systems

Extends between choanae and entrances to larynx and esophagus

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3
Q

Function of the nose

A

Air enters through nostrils (nares), passes into nasal vestibule

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4
Q

How is sound produced

A
  • Air passing through glottis vibrates vocal folds
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5
Q

Define phonation and articulation

A

Phonation - sound production with larynx

Articulation - sound modification with lips, tongue, teeth

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6
Q

Define bronchodilation

A
  • Caused by sympathetic activation

- Enlarges luminal diameter of airway

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7
Q

Define bronchoconstriction

A
  • Reduces luminal diameter of airway

- Cause by allergic reaction and parasympathetic system

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8
Q

Define asthma

A

Excessive stimulation of smooth muscles

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9
Q

Define pulmonary embolism

A

a blocked branch of pulmonary artery that stops blood to lobules or alveoli

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10
Q

Two pleura layers?

A
  1. Parietal pleura (lines inner surface of thoracic wall)

2. Visceral pleura (covers outer surface of lungs)

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11
Q

Define hypoxia

A

low tissue oxygen levels

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12
Q

Define anoxia

A

Complete lack of oxygen in tissues

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13
Q

Define Pulmonary ventilation (breathing)

A

physical movement of air into and out of respiratory tract

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14
Q

two primary respiratory muscles?

A

Diaphragm

External intercostals

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15
Q

Muscle used in exhalation

A

Internal intercostals

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16
Q

Define diaphragmatic and costal breathing

A
  • Diaphragmatic breathing or deep breathing

- Costal breathing or shallow breathing

17
Q

Define elastic rebound

A

When muscles of inhalation relax

18
Q

Define hyperpnea

A

Forced breathing

19
Q

Define intrapulmonary pressure

A

Difference from atmospheric pressure determines airflow

20
Q

Define intrapleural pressure

A

Pressure in space between parietal and visceral pleurae

21
Q

Define pneumothorax

A
  • Air enters pleural cavity

- Due to injury

22
Q

Define compliance

A
  • A measure of expandability

- Lower compliance requires greater force to fill lungs

23
Q

Define respiratory rate

A

Number of breathes per minute

24
Q

Define tidal volume

A

Amount of air moved per breathe

25
Q

Define anatomic dead space

A

Volume of air remaining in conducting passages

26
Q

Define alveolar ventilation

A
  • Amount of air reaching alveoli in each minute

- Calculated, respiratory rate x (tidal volume - anatomic dead space)

27
Q

Define residual volume

A

amount of oxygen left in lung after max exhalation

28
Q

Define partial pressure

A

Pressure contributed by a single gas in a mixture

29
Q

Define oxyhemoglobin

A

When O2 binds to iron ions in hemoglobin molecules

30
Q

Define hemoglobin saturation

A

Percentage of heme units containing bound oxygen at any given moment

31
Q

function of respiratory centers

A

Regulate frequency and depth of pulmonary ventilation

32
Q

Define apnea

A

period of suspended respiration

33
Q

Function of inflation and deflation reflexes

A

Inflation - Prevents overexpansion of lungs

Deflation reflex - inhibits expiratory centers