Week 9 - Respiratory System Flashcards
Define respiratory tract
Conducting portion, from nasal cavity to larger bronchioles
Define pharynx
Chamber shared by digestive and respiratory systems
Extends between choanae and entrances to larynx and esophagus
Function of the nose
Air enters through nostrils (nares), passes into nasal vestibule
How is sound produced
- Air passing through glottis vibrates vocal folds
Define phonation and articulation
Phonation - sound production with larynx
Articulation - sound modification with lips, tongue, teeth
Define bronchodilation
- Caused by sympathetic activation
- Enlarges luminal diameter of airway
Define bronchoconstriction
- Reduces luminal diameter of airway
- Cause by allergic reaction and parasympathetic system
Define asthma
Excessive stimulation of smooth muscles
Define pulmonary embolism
a blocked branch of pulmonary artery that stops blood to lobules or alveoli
Two pleura layers?
- Parietal pleura (lines inner surface of thoracic wall)
2. Visceral pleura (covers outer surface of lungs)
Define hypoxia
low tissue oxygen levels
Define anoxia
Complete lack of oxygen in tissues
Define Pulmonary ventilation (breathing)
physical movement of air into and out of respiratory tract
two primary respiratory muscles?
Diaphragm
External intercostals
Muscle used in exhalation
Internal intercostals