Week 13 - Reproductive System Flashcards
Define Gonads
organs that produce gametes (reproductive cells) and hormones
Define Gametes
Reproductive cells
Define reproductive tract
- Includes all chambers and passageways that connect ducts to exterior of body
Gonad, gamete, sex hormone for males
Gonad = Testes
Gamete = sperm
Sex hormone = androgens
Gonad, gamete for females
Gonad = Ovaries Gamete = oocyte
Major functions of male accessory glands
- Activate sperm
- Provide nutrients sperm need for motility
- Propel sperm and fluids along reproductive tract
Produce buffers
Define mitosis
Cell division that produces two diploid daughter cells
- identical numbers and pairs of chromosomes
Define meiosis
- Special form of cell division involved only in production of gametes
- Produce four haploid gametes, each with 23 chromosomes
Define reduction division
reduces number of chromosomes from diploid (46) to haploid (23), Both cells contain 23 chromosomes with two chromatids each
Define spermatogenesis, and its 3 steps
Process of sperm production
- mitosis
- meiosis
- spermiogenesis
Define spermatids
Immature gametes
At the end of meiosis 1, what are the daughter cells called
Secondary spermatocytes
What happens to the daughter cells as they enter meiosis 2
- As they enter meiosis 2, they yield from two cells to four haploid spermatids
Define spermiogenesis
- Last step of spermatogenesis
- Each spermatids matures into one sperm
Function of nurse (Sertoli) cells
- Maintenance of blood testis barrier
- Support of mitosis and meiosis
- Support of spermiogenesis
- Secretion of inhibin
- Secretion of androgen-binding protein (ADP)