Week 8 - Muscular Tissue

Question 1

Layers of skeletal muscle (inner to outer)

Answer 1

Endomysium
perimysium
epimysium

Question 2

What cell forms muscle fibers?

Answer 2

Myoblast

Question 3

What filament is the I band

Answer 3

Thin

Question 4

What filament is the H band

Answer 4

Thick

Question 5

Levels of function Organisation

Answer 5

1. Skeletal muscle
   
   2. Muscle fascicle
   3. Muscle Fiber
   4. Myobril
   5. Sarcomere

Question 6

synapse between a neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber

Answer 6

Neuromuscular junction

Question 7

Length - tension relationship, what does the tension depend on

Answer 7

number of power strokes, amount of overlap between thick and thin filaments

Question 8

Define twitch

Answer 8

A single neural stimulation that produces a single contraction

Question 9

Define myogram

Answer 9

graph showing tension development in muscle fibers

Question 10

Define fasciculation

Answer 10

• Involuntary ‘muscle twitch’

Question 11

Define recruitment

Answer 11

Increase in the number of active motor unit

Question 12

Define muscle tone

Answer 12

The normal tension and firmness of a muscle at rest

Question 13

Types of muscle contractions and the difference

Answer 13

Isotonic
Isometric
Isotonic - muscle length changes where as isometric doesnt

Question 14

Energy source used directly for muscle contraction?

Answer 14

ATP

Question 15

Define creatine phosphate

Answer 15

At rest, when ATP transfers energy to creatine phosphate

Question 16

the enzyme creatine kinase , function

Answer 16

Conversion of ADP to ATP using the energy stored in CP

Question 17

Define glycolysis

Answer 17

The breakdown of glucose releasing energy

Question 18

Define recovery period

Answer 18

The time required after exertion for muscles to return to normal

Question 19

Define oxygen debt

Answer 19

After exercise, Body needs more oxygen than usual to normalise metabolic activities

Question 20

3 hormones that increase metabolic activities in skeletal muscles

Answer 20

1. Growth hormone
   
   2. Testosterone
   3. Thyroid hormones

Question 21

Define force

Answer 21

maximum amount of tension produced

Question 22

Three types of muscle fibers

Answer 22

Fast fibers - Type 2b
Slow fibers - type 1
Intermediate - type 2a

Question 23

White vs red muscles, which have more of what fibers

Answer 23

White = mostly fast
Red = mostly slow

Question 24

Define muscle hypertrophy

Answer 24

• Muscle growth from heavy training that causes increase in
  
  • Diameter of muscle fibers
  • Number of myofibrils
  • Number of mitochondria
  • Glycogen reserves

Question 25

Define atrophy

Answer 25

Reduction of muscle size, tone, and power

Question 26

Define intercalated discs

Answer 26

• Specialised connections

Join sarcolemma’s of adjacent cardiac muscle cells by gap junctions

Question 27

Define automaticity

Answer 27

Contraction without neural stimulation

Question 28

Define plasticity

Answer 28

the ability to function over a wide range of lengths

Question 29

Define multiunit smooth muscle cell

Answer 29

Connected to more than one motor neuron

Question 30

Define Visceral smooth muscle cell

Answer 30

not connected to motor neuron

Question 31

Define pacesetter cell

Answer 31

Controls rhythmic cycles of activity