Week 6 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Four Chambers of the heart and their function

A

Left atrium - Receives blood from pulmonary circuit
Right atrium - Receives blood from systemic circuit
Left ventricle - Pumps blood into systemic circuit
Right ventricle - Pumps blood in pulmonary circuit

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2
Q

Layers of the heart (inner to outer)

A
  1. Endocardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Pericardium
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3
Q

Semilunar valve function

A

Prevents backflow of blood into ventricles

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4
Q

Coronary circulation function

A

Supplies blood to muscle tissue of the heart

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5
Q

define Bradycardia and tachycardia

A

Bradycardia: Abnormally slow heart rate
Tachycardia: Abnormally fast heart rate

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6
Q

Artery and vein function

A

Artery - Carry blood away from the heart

vein - carry blood to the heart

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7
Q

Blood vessel wall layers (inner to outer)

A
  1. Tunica intima (inner)
  2. Tunica media (middle)
  3. Tunica externa (outer)
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8
Q

Define vasoconstriction and vasodilation

A

Vasoconstriction: Contraction of arterial smooth muscle

Vasodilation: Relaxation of arterial smooth muscle (enlarges lumen)

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9
Q

Define Aneurysm

A

A bulge in an arterial wall caused by weak spot in elastic fibers

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10
Q

name 3 types of arteries

A
  1. Elastic arteries (conducting)
  2. Muscular arteries (distribution)
  3. Arterioles (resistance)
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11
Q

Capillary function

A

Location of all exchange functions of cardiovascular system

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12
Q

Define pressure (P)

A

Generated by the heart to overcome resistance

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13
Q

Define pressure gradient

A

The difference in pressure from one end of a vessel to the other

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14
Q

Define Flow (F)

A

is proportional to the pressure gradient divided by the resistance

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15
Q

Define hypertension and hypotension

A

hypertension - abnormally high blood pressure

hypotension - abnormally low blood pressure (mm Hg)

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16
Q

3 stages of capillary exchange

A
  1. diffusion
  2. filtration
  3. Reabsorption
17
Q

What is a vasodilator

A

vasodilators are factors that promote dilation of precapillary sphincters, increasing blood flow

18
Q

Define cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

A

blockage or rupture in a cerebral artery

19
Q

Define heart attack

A

A blockage of coronary blood flow

20
Q

Define endocrine mechanisms

A

Hormones that have short and long term effects on cardiovascular regulation

21
Q

Define vasomotion

A

Contraction and relaxation cycle of precapillary sphincters