Week 10 - Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

6 integrated processes of the digestive system

A
  • Ingestion
    • Mechanical digestion and propulsion
    • Chemical digestion
    • Secretion
    • Absorption
      Defecation
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2
Q

Define ingestion

A

when food enters oral cavity

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3
Q

Define mechanical digestion and propulsions

A

Crushing and shearing of food

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4
Q

Define chemical digestion

A
  • Chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments for absorption by digestive epithelium
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5
Q

Define secretion

A

Release of water, acids, enzymes, buffers and salts

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6
Q

Define absorption

A

Movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, vitamins, minerals and water

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7
Q

Define defecation

A

Elimination of waste from body

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8
Q

Define myenteric plexus

A

Network of parasympathetic ganglia, sensory neurons, interneurons, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers

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9
Q

Define segmentation

A

Cycles of contraction that churn and fragment the bolos, mixing contents with intestinal secretions

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10
Q

Functions of the oral cavity

A

Sensory analysis
Mechanical digestion
Lubrication
Limited chemical digestion

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11
Q

Functions of the tongue

A

Mechanical digestion Manipulation to assist chewing
Sensory analysis
Secretions of mucus

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12
Q

Define mastication

A

Chewing

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13
Q

3 regions of the pharynx (throat)

A

Naso, oro, laryngo: pharynx

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14
Q

Function of the esophagus

A

Conveys food and liquids to stomach

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15
Q

Define deglutition

A

Swallowing

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16
Q

Define microbiome

A

Microbes (bacteria, fungi, viruses) that live in and on the human body

17
Q

3 vitamins important for digestion

A

Vitamin K, b5 and biotin

18
Q

3 functions of the stomach

A

Temporary storage

chemical and mechanical digestion

19
Q

Define chyme

A

Partially digested food mixed with acidic secretions of stomach

20
Q

what do G cells produce

and D cells release

A
G = Gastrin 
D = Somatostatin
21
Q

3 phases of gastric activity regulation

A
  1. Cephalic
  2. Gastric
  3. Intestinal
22
Q

Function of endocrine cells of pancreatic islets

A

Secrete insulin and glucagon into bloodstream

23
Q

Function of exocrine cells

A

Secrete alkaline pancreatic juice into small intestine

24
Q

Function of pancreatic alpha

A

Breaks down starches

25
Q

Function of pancreatic lipase

A

Breaks down certain complex lipids

26
Q

Function of nucleases

A

Break down RNA or DNA

27
Q

Function of proteases and peptidases

A
proteases = break apart large protein complexes
Peptidases = break small peptide chains into amino acids
28
Q

3 categories for the function of the liver

A
  1. Metabolic regulation
    1. Hematological regulation
    2. Bile production
29
Q

Bile salts function

A

Break apart lipid droplets

30
Q

Define enterohepatic circulation

A

Cycling of bile salts between liver and small intestine