Week 9 Quiz Guide Flashcards

Chapters 21, 22, 25, 27, 28

1
Q

What is FWB?

A

Full-weight Bearing

A patient who is FWB has the ability to support their own weight with little or no assistance

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2
Q

What is PWB?

A

Partial-weight Bearing

A patient who is PWB has limited ability to support their own weight and typically requires some form of assistance

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3
Q

Describe abduction vs. adduction:

A

Abduction = movement away from the middle of the body

Adduction = movement toward the middle of the body

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4
Q

What is the purpose of a sling?

A

A sling is an assistive device that helps support the affected extremity. The sling keeps the extremity in an optimal positional alignment for healing, pain management, and suitable body mechanics to adjust for the affected extremity.

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5
Q

Signs and symptoms:
Osteoarthritis

A

Also called ‘degenerative arthritis’ or ‘degenerative joint disease’

Usually affects the weight bearing joints; hips and knees. Look for redness, swelling, stiffness, limited ROM, and pain.

Cold, damp weather may increase pain and stiffness.

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6
Q

Signs and symptoms:
Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Inflammatory disease that affects the synovial membrane.

Look for stiffness, swelling, intense pain, and deformities. Fever, fatigue, and weight loss may also present

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7
Q

Signs and symptoms:
Parkinson’s

A

Neurodegenerative disorder; neurons in the brain responsible for dopamine production begin to break down and die

Look for tremors/shaking, pill rolling, muscle rigidity, mask-like face (muscle rigidity), and a shuffling gait

Bradykinesia is a common baseline and affects movements in the eyes and mouth, resulting in diminished blinking, smiling, and slurred speech.

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8
Q

When is a Continuous Passive Motion machine commonly used?

A

CPM machines move a specific joint, passively and repetitively, though its normal range of motion. It prevents stiffness, swelling, and aids in circulation. Critically, they prevent the development of scar tissue and contractures.

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9
Q

What is a contraction?

A

A contraction is the shortening or tightening of a muscle. This is typically caused by some form of trauma or degenerative condition. Contractions can be temporary or permanent.

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10
Q

Describe age-related changes that can affect the nervous system:

A

Responses and reflexes slow

Some memory loss can occur, especially short-term

Sensitivity of nerve endings in skin decreases

Some hearing loss

Senses of vision, smell, and taste weaken

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11
Q

What is Dementia?

A

Dementia is a general term that refers to a more serious loss of abilities in cognitive function: thinking, memory recall, reasoning, and communication.

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia

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12
Q

What behaviors are associated with BPD?

A

BPD causes a person to have severe mood swings and changes in energy level or functioning.

High energy, little sleep, high self-esteem, and poor judgment are symptoms associated with the manic phase. Depressive symptoms, particularly suicidal ideation and execution, are associated with the depressive phase.

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13
Q

What behaviors are associated with OCD?

A

OCD is characterized by intrusive repetitive thoughts or behaviors that cause anxiety or stress. They are compelled to certain behaviors, such as hand-washing, and repeat without the ability to control the behavior.

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14
Q

How can an NA best care for a person with a mental disorder?

A

Encourage self-care

Encourage independence with ADLs and activities

Observe and watch for changes in behavior, such as manic episodes for BPD patients

Be mindful for your own body language

Do not treat patients as children; they should be respected and dignified as adults

Do not yell or use harsh tones. Do not argue.

Use eye contact when communicating

Provide support to the patient and their family; do not pass judgement on their behaviors

Notify nurse of any concerning behaviors witnessed; changes in mood, inability to perform ADLs, indecisiveness, extreme behavior, excessive fatigue/insomnia, headaches, constipation, weight loss/gain, change in appetite, social withdrawal, hallucinations/delusions, suicidal comments/jokes, observed triggers

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15
Q

What are ROM movements?

A

ROM are exercises that put a joint through its full arc (range) of motion

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16
Q

Describe active vs. passive exercise:

A

Active = exercises performed by the patient, unassisted

Passive = exercises performed by staff, without patient assistance

17
Q

What are the stages of grief?

A
  1. Denial
  2. Anger
  3. Bargaining
  4. Depression
  5. Acceptance
18
Q

How does post-mortem affect the body?

A

No pulse, respiration, or BP

Eyelids that are partially open, with eyes in a fixed-stare

Fixed and dilated pupils

A dropped jaw with mouth agape

Urinary and fecal incontinence

19
Q

How can you best care for a post-mortem body?

A

ID the resident, wash hands, and explain post-mortem care process to the family/friends

Provide privacy

Don gloves

Turn off oxygen, suction, or other equipment as directed by the nurse. Do not remove tubes/caths

Gently close the eyes w/o pressure

Position the body in proper alignment–do so before rigor mortis occurs

Close the mouth; place a rolled towel under the chin

Gently bathe and groom the body

Place drainage pads where needed

Put a clean gown on the body

Cover the body to the shoulders; do not cover face or head

Tidy the room for visitation

Remove all used supplies and linens

Doff gloves; wash hands

Return after visitation

Place shroud on body and follow instructions for ID tags

Doff gloves; wash hands

Observe and report, document procedure

20
Q

How can you best assist the family of a dying patient/resident?

A

Allow family/friends to express their feelings

Be available to talk and listen. Listening is very helpful and only respond when needed. Silence can be received positively

Do not be afraid to express your own feelings

Do not make inappropriate comments or use cliches

Report to the nurse if a religious/spiritual leader has been requested by family/friends

21
Q

How can an NA best manage stress?

A

Exercise

Sleep hygiene

Diet

Eliminate or moderate substance/medication use

Prioritize tasks and execute individually; muti-tasking can increase stress

Hobbies

Mental wellness

Realistic goals

Seek assistance–personal or professional–during times of emotional need

22
Q

What content should be included in a resume for NA?

A

Objective
Education
Experience
Volunteer Work
Skills
References