Week 9 Quiz Guide Flashcards
Chapters 21, 22, 25, 27, 28
What is FWB?
Full-weight Bearing
A patient who is FWB has the ability to support their own weight with little or no assistance
What is PWB?
Partial-weight Bearing
A patient who is PWB has limited ability to support their own weight and typically requires some form of assistance
Describe abduction vs. adduction:
Abduction = movement away from the middle of the body
Adduction = movement toward the middle of the body
What is the purpose of a sling?
A sling is an assistive device that helps support the affected extremity. The sling keeps the extremity in an optimal positional alignment for healing, pain management, and suitable body mechanics to adjust for the affected extremity.
Signs and symptoms:
Osteoarthritis
Also called ‘degenerative arthritis’ or ‘degenerative joint disease’
Usually affects the weight bearing joints; hips and knees. Look for redness, swelling, stiffness, limited ROM, and pain.
Cold, damp weather may increase pain and stiffness.
Signs and symptoms:
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Inflammatory disease that affects the synovial membrane.
Look for stiffness, swelling, intense pain, and deformities. Fever, fatigue, and weight loss may also present
Signs and symptoms:
Parkinson’s
Neurodegenerative disorder; neurons in the brain responsible for dopamine production begin to break down and die
Look for tremors/shaking, pill rolling, muscle rigidity, mask-like face (muscle rigidity), and a shuffling gait
Bradykinesia is a common baseline and affects movements in the eyes and mouth, resulting in diminished blinking, smiling, and slurred speech.
When is a Continuous Passive Motion machine commonly used?
CPM machines move a specific joint, passively and repetitively, though its normal range of motion. It prevents stiffness, swelling, and aids in circulation. Critically, they prevent the development of scar tissue and contractures.
What is a contraction?
A contraction is the shortening or tightening of a muscle. This is typically caused by some form of trauma or degenerative condition. Contractions can be temporary or permanent.
Describe age-related changes that can affect the nervous system:
Responses and reflexes slow
Some memory loss can occur, especially short-term
Sensitivity of nerve endings in skin decreases
Some hearing loss
Senses of vision, smell, and taste weaken
What is Dementia?
Dementia is a general term that refers to a more serious loss of abilities in cognitive function: thinking, memory recall, reasoning, and communication.
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia
What behaviors are associated with BPD?
BPD causes a person to have severe mood swings and changes in energy level or functioning.
High energy, little sleep, high self-esteem, and poor judgment are symptoms associated with the manic phase. Depressive symptoms, particularly suicidal ideation and execution, are associated with the depressive phase.
What behaviors are associated with OCD?
OCD is characterized by intrusive repetitive thoughts or behaviors that cause anxiety or stress. They are compelled to certain behaviors, such as hand-washing, and repeat without the ability to control the behavior.
How can an NA best care for a person with a mental disorder?
Encourage self-care
Encourage independence with ADLs and activities
Observe and watch for changes in behavior, such as manic episodes for BPD patients
Be mindful for your own body language
Do not treat patients as children; they should be respected and dignified as adults
Do not yell or use harsh tones. Do not argue.
Use eye contact when communicating
Provide support to the patient and their family; do not pass judgement on their behaviors
Notify nurse of any concerning behaviors witnessed; changes in mood, inability to perform ADLs, indecisiveness, extreme behavior, excessive fatigue/insomnia, headaches, constipation, weight loss/gain, change in appetite, social withdrawal, hallucinations/delusions, suicidal comments/jokes, observed triggers
What are ROM movements?
ROM are exercises that put a joint through its full arc (range) of motion
Describe active vs. passive exercise:
Active = exercises performed by the patient, unassisted
Passive = exercises performed by staff, without patient assistance
What are the stages of grief?
- Denial
- Anger
- Bargaining
- Depression
- Acceptance
How does post-mortem affect the body?
No pulse, respiration, or BP
Eyelids that are partially open, with eyes in a fixed-stare
Fixed and dilated pupils
A dropped jaw with mouth agape
Urinary and fecal incontinence
How can you best care for a post-mortem body?
ID the resident, wash hands, and explain post-mortem care process to the family/friends
Provide privacy
Don gloves
Turn off oxygen, suction, or other equipment as directed by the nurse. Do not remove tubes/caths
Gently close the eyes w/o pressure
Position the body in proper alignment–do so before rigor mortis occurs
Close the mouth; place a rolled towel under the chin
Gently bathe and groom the body
Place drainage pads where needed
Put a clean gown on the body
Cover the body to the shoulders; do not cover face or head
Tidy the room for visitation
Remove all used supplies and linens
Doff gloves; wash hands
Return after visitation
Place shroud on body and follow instructions for ID tags
Doff gloves; wash hands
Observe and report, document procedure
How can you best assist the family of a dying patient/resident?
Allow family/friends to express their feelings
Be available to talk and listen. Listening is very helpful and only respond when needed. Silence can be received positively
Do not be afraid to express your own feelings
Do not make inappropriate comments or use cliches
Report to the nurse if a religious/spiritual leader has been requested by family/friends
How can an NA best manage stress?
Exercise
Sleep hygiene
Diet
Eliminate or moderate substance/medication use
Prioritize tasks and execute individually; muti-tasking can increase stress
Hobbies
Mental wellness
Realistic goals
Seek assistance–personal or professional–during times of emotional need
What content should be included in a resume for NA?
Objective
Education
Experience
Volunteer Work
Skills
References
