Week 8 Quiz Guide

Question 1

What are some normal age-related changes that affect the circulatory system?

Answer 1

Heart pumps less efficiently

Blood vessels narrow

Blood vessels become less elastic

Blood flow decreases

Question 2

What does systole mean?

Answer 2

During systole, the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles) contract. causing the blood to flow out of the ventricles and into the arteries.

Question 3

What is diastole?

Answer 3

The relaxation phase of the heart. or when the heart rests.

Question 4

What is Myocardial Ischemia?

Answer 4

A lack of blood supply to the heart, causing a lack of oxygen; can cause angina

Question 5

What is Alveoli?

Answer 5

Alveoli are tiny, grape-like sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs

Question 6

What are the signs and symptoms of CHF?

Answer 6

Fatigue

Reduction in the ability to exercise or be active

Difficulty breathing (dyspnea)

Increased pulse

Irregular heartbeat

Chest pain

Dizziness

Lack of appetite

Edema, especially in the feet or ankles

Swollen abdomen

Abdominal pain

Increased urination, especially at night

Confusion

Weight gain

Question 7

What symptoms of CHF suggest left-sided failure?

Answer 7

Fatigue

Orthopnea

Coughing

Rapid pulse

Weight gain

Question 8

What symptoms of CHF suggest right-sided failure?

Answer 8

Fatigue

Weakness

Edema of the extremities (especially the ankles), bulging neck veins, irregular heartbeat, fainting

Question 9

How is anemia commonly treated?

Answer 9

Treatments can include a high-iron diet and iron supplements. In some cases, a transfusion may be ordered

Question 10

What are some normal age-related changes that affect the respiratory system?

Answer 10

Lung strength decreases

Alveoli become less elastic and decrease in number

Airways become stiff and less elastic

Lung capacity decreases

Chest muscles become weaker

Cough reflex becomes less effective and cough becomes weaker

Oxygen in blood decreases

Decreased lung capacity causes voice to weaken

Question 11

What are the common signs and symptoms of pneumonia?

Answer 11

High fever

Chest pain, especially during inhalation

Coughing

Difficulty breathing

Shortness of breath

Chills

Rapid pulse

Thick secretions coughed up from lungs

Question 12

What are the guidelines for providing care to a TB patient?

Answer 12

Follow Standard Precautions and Airborne Precautions

Wear PPE as instructed, this includes an N95 or HEPA respirator

Patient will be placed in an airborne infection isolation room, AIIR

Keep doors to the room closed when note entering/exiting

Be careful when handling sputum

Ensure all medication is taken

Question 13

What do Thyroid hormones regulate?

Answer 13

Thyroid hormones primarily regulate metabolism and growth

Question 14

Where is insulin stored?

Answer 14

Insulin is stored and regulated by the pancreas

Question 15

What is the purpose of insulin?

Answer 15

Insulin regulates the amount of glucose available to the cells for metabolism. Cells cannot absorb sugar without insulin

Question 16

What are the common signs and symptoms of DM?

Answer 16

Skin breakdown

Visual changes, especially blurred vision

Changes in appetite or increased thirst

Fruity or sweet-smelling breath

Weight change

Nausea or vomiting

Change in urine output

Signs of UTI

Fruity of sweet-smelling urine

Changes in mobility

Numbness or tingling in the arms or legs

Nervousness or anxiety

Dizziness or loss of coordination

Irritability or confusion

Question 17

What is the purpose of a Pulse Oximeter?

Answer 17

A Pulse Ox measures the saturation of oxygen carried within red blood cells. Normal range is 95-100% (slightly lower at higher elevations)

Question 18

What is sepsis?

Answer 18

Sepsis occurs when chemicals released in the bloodstream to fight an infection trigger inflammation throughout the body.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition. Signs and symptoms should be reported immediately so that care that can be taken as soon as possible.

Question 19

What is a Central Venous Line? What is a PICC line?

Answer 19

A central venous line is a type of intravenous (IV) line that is placed in one of the larger veins in the body, usually in the upper chest or neck.

A PICC line is a type of CVC, with the notable difference of being peripherally inserted in the arm, usually just above the elbow.

Question 20

What are important NA tasks related to caring for a patient on a mechanical ventilator?

Answer 20

Patients on ventilation require sedation. Sedated patients required care oral care, skin care, and repositioning as a result. Repositions should occur every 2 hours to mitigate skin breakdown. Positioning should be done carefully to avoid damage or accidental removal of tubes.