Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards
VS: Abnormal or normal?
BP 135/90
HR 120
RR 14
Abnormal
BP indicates hypertension
HR indicates tachycardia
RR is is normal
What is normal range for BP?
Systolic: 90 - 119
Diastolic: 60 - 79
What is the normal range for Pulse Rate?
60 - 100 BPM
What is the normal range for respiration rate?
12 - 20 breaths per minute
What is the normal range for body temperature?
97.8 - 99.1 degrees Fahrenheit
PT presents with BP 80/55
Is this normal?
No, this BP indicates hypotension
PT presents with BP 140/100
Is this normal?
No, this BP indicates hypertension
PT presents with HR 45 bpm
Is this normal?
No, this HR indicates bradycardia
PT presents with HR 80 bpm
Is this normal?
Yes
What can cause abnormal vital signs?
Medication, infection, disease, trauma, activity, diet, stress
Name each of the pulse sites:
- Temporal
- Carotid
- Apical
- Brachial
- Femoral
- Radial
- Dorsal
- N/A (Facial Artery)
Not pictured - Popliteal
What is the name of this position?
Supine
What is the name of this position?
Fowler’s
What is the name of this position?
Prone
What is the name of this position?
Lateral
What is the name of this position?
Sim’s
What is the name of this position?
Lithotomy
What is the name of this position?
Trendelenburg
What is the name of this position?
Reverse Trendelenburg
What is the name of this position?
Knee-chest
How can you help communicate and orient a patient with visual impairment?
Speaking slowly and directly, orienting around the face of an imaginary clock. NA should be positioned at the side of the PT while assisting with ambulation
How can you help communicate and orient a patient with hearing impairment?
What is verbal communication?
Verbal communication utilizes words to share information. This includes written text and signs/symbols i.e. emoticons
What is non-verbal communication?
Non-verbal communication does not utilize words to share information. Instead, body language and gestures are relied upon
What is HIPAA?
Health Insurance Portability and Accessibility Act
HIPAA is a law that governs the handling and dissemination of individual health data. Under this law, the sharing of patient health information is strictly limited to staff who work directly with the patient or have a reasonable need to know certain information in order to deliver quality care.
What is OSHA?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSHA is a federal entity that establishes guidelines to ensure workers can operate and in a safe and healthy environment. Employers and their employees are expected to know and follow these protective guidelines to mitigate risk to the workplace environment, staff, clients, and the general public.
What are Resident rights?
Resident rights are protections established by state and federal law that facilities must grant to their residents.
The resident has the right to: Be free from verbal, sexual, physical, and mental abuse, corporal punishment, involuntary seclusion, neglect, misappropriation of resident property and exploitation
What are the five moments of hand hygiene?
- Before touching a patient
- Before a procedure
- After a procedure or body fluid exposure risk
- After touching a patient
- After touching a patient’s surroundings
What are standard precautions?
Standard precautions are a set of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with blood, body fluids, non-intact skin (including rashes), and mucous membranes.
All patients are treated with Standard precautions:
Hand hygiene, PPE, Respiratory hygiene, Sharps safety
Describe the purpose of Airborne precautions and what special equipment is required to provide care:
Airborne precautions prevent the spread of pathogens that travel through the air after being expelled. They are carried by moisture, air current, and dust.
Example(s): COVID-19, TB
Equipment: AIIR, N95, negative pressure
Describe the purpose of Droplet precautions and what special equipment is required to provide care:
Droplet precautions are used for diseases that are spread by droplets in the air. Droplets do not normally travel more than six feet.
Example: Influenza
Equipment: Surgical mask
Describe the purpose of Contact precautions and what special equipment is required to provide care:
Contact precautions are used when a resident may spread an infection by direct contact with another person or object. Staff may spread the infection through contact with the person, their bodily fluids, and their belongings/supplies.
Example(s): Conjunctivitis, C. diff
Equipment: Hand hygiene (soap), gloves, gown, dedicated or single use supplies/tools
What are common complications associated with immobility?
Muscular atrophy, contracture, skin breakdown, dehydration, malnutrition, poor vascular circulation
How can you best maintain the skin integrity for a PT?
Hydration, nutrition, hygiene, grooming, moisturization (if ordered), positioning, ergonomics, ADL assistance (as needed)
Hemiplegia v. quadriplegia v. paraplegia
Hemiplegia = paralysis affecting one side of the body e.g. arms, legs, facial muscles
Quadriplegia = paralysis of all four limbs
Paraplegia = paralysis of the lower body
How can you best communicate with a PT that is agitated/aggressive?
Redirection, reduce distractions, stay calm, use a low and soothing voice, provide reassurance
Hospice care v. palliative care
Hospice care = compassionate end of life care, typically ordered when a PT has less than six months to live
Goal - physical and emotional comfort, pain and symptom management, psychosocial care with help from friends and family
Palliative care = type of care that is provided for PT with serious, chronic diseases
Goal - pain and symptom management, mitigate complications, maintain QoL
What are the five stages of grief?
- Denial
- Anger
- Bargaining
- Depression
- Acceptance
