Week 4 Quiz Guide

Question 1

What is body alignment?

Answer 1

Correct body alignment helps the body achieve balance without causing muscle or joint strain. It allows the body to function at its highest level and. Alignment also prevents complications of immobility, such as contractures and atrophy.

Question 2

What are proper body mechanics?

Answer 2

Assess the load

Think ahead, plan, communicate the move

Check your base of support and ensure you have firm footing

Face what you are lifting

Keep your back straight

Begin in a squatting position and lift with your legs

Tighten your stomach muscles when beginning the lift

Keep the object close to your body

Push, when possible, rather than lifting

Question 3

What is positioning?

Answer 3

Positioning means helping residents into positions that promote comfort and health. Proper position means following posted turn schedules and care plans carefully, utilizing proper body mechanics to ensure safety.

Question 4

What is supine?

Answer 4

Supine is one of the five basic body positions:

In this position, the resident lies flat on his back. The head and shoulders should be supported with a pillow. A pillow should be placed under the calves so that heels are elevated and do not touch the bed.

Question 5

What is lateral?

Answer 5

Lateral is one of the five basic body positions:

A resident in the lateral position is lying on either side. Pillows can support the arm and leg on the upper side, the back, and the head. Ideally, the knee on the upper side of the body should be flexed. Pillows should be placed under the flexed leg and the bottom foot for elevation.

Question 6

What is prone?

Answer 6

Prone is one of the five basic body positions:

A resident in the prone position is lying on the abdomen, or front side of the body. NAs should only place a resident in the prone position as directed. Arms may be at the side, raised above the head, or alternately raised above the head. Pillows should be placed under the head and feet for elevation.

Question 7

What is Sims’ ?

Answer 7

The Sims’ position is one of the five basic body positions:

This positions is a left side-lying position, with the lower arm behind the back and the upper knee flexed and raised toward the chest. Pillows should be placed under the flexed knee and bottom foot for elevation.

Question 8

What is shearing?

Answer 8

Shearing is rubbing or friction resulting from the skin moving one way and the bone underneath it remaining fixed or moving in the opposite direction.

Question 9

What is a draw sheet?

Answer 9

The draw sheet is an assist device used for position and transfer. Draw sheets are commonly used for transferring or moving patients in their bed. Two people should typically perform these transfers.

Question 10

What is logrolling?

Answer 10

Logrolling allows a resident to be turned as a unit, without disturbing the alignment of the body. The head, back, and legs must be kept in a straight line.

Question 11

What is dangling?

Answer 11

Dangling means sitting up on the side of the bed with the legs hanging over the side. This helps residents regain balance before standing up, equalizes blood flow in the body, returns blood flow the head, and stabilizes blood pressure.

Residents who cannot walk may have an order to dangle the legs for a few minutes regularly.

Question 12

What are Ergonomics?

Answer 12

Ergonomics is the science of designing equipment, areas, and work tasks to make them safer and to suit the worker’s abilities.

One goal is to reduce stress on the body and avoid potential injury.

Question 13

Describe the mechanics of applying a transfer belt:

Answer 13

Greet the resident by name and identify yourself

Wash your hands

Explain the procedure to the resident

Provide for the resident’s privacy

Adjust the bed to its lowest position. Lock the wheels.

Supporting the back and hips, help the resident to a sitting position with their feet flat on the floor.

Put nonskid footwear on the resident and fasten securely.

Place the belt over the resident’s clothing, below the rib cage and above the waist. DO NOT PUT IT OVER BARE SKIN.

Tighten the buckle until it is snug, leaving just enough room to insert flat fingers/hand comfortably under the belt.

Check to make sure skin or skin folds are not caught under the belt.

Position the buckle slightly off-center in the front or back for comfort

Question 14

What are mechanical lifts?

Answer 14

Mechanical lifts are types of equipment that used to lift and move patients. They help prevent injury to staff and patients.

The use of mechanical lifts require special training. NAs should not use equipment they have not been trained to operate.

Question 15

What does ambulation mean?

Answer 15

Ambulation is the act of moving or walking, with or without an assist device.

Question 16

Where should you be positioned when assisting with ambulation?

Answer 16

Walking slightly behind and to one side of the resident, while holding on to the transfer belt.

Question 17

How can you best assist someone with visual impairment to walk?

Answer 17

The NA should be bedside and slightly ahead of the resident with the resident’s hand resting on the NA’s elbow. The NA should walk at the resident’s normal pace. The NA should announce upcoming movements like turning a corner or using steps.

Question 18

What are the layers of the skin?

Answer 18

Epidermis - Outer layer

Dermis - Inner layer

Subcutaneous tissue - Underneath the Dermis

Question 19

In what ways does aging affect the integumentary system?

Answer 19

Fat and collagen decrease, causing skin to sag

Elastic fibers lose elasticity, causing wrinkles

Hair and nail growth slows

Drier skin due to decreased production of perspiration and oil

Thinning skin

Thinning of fatty tissue, causing a person to feel colder

Thinning and graying hair

Brown spots on skin

Question 20

What is a closed wound?

Answer 20

A closed wound is a wound where the skin’s surface is not broken, such as a contusion (bruise) or internal bleeding

Question 21

What is an open wound?

Answer 21

Skin that is not intact is considered an open wound.

Types of open wounds include:

Abrasions
Avulsions
Incisions
Lacerations
Punctures

Question 21

What are pressure injuries?

Answer 21

Sores or wounds that result from skin deterioration and shearing. They are a common, serious problem in long-term care.

Pressure injuries are also called:

Pressure sores
Decubitus ulcers
Bed sores

Question 21

What are pressure points?

Answer 21

Areas of the body that bear the greatest amount of weight

Question 22

What is bony prominence?

Answer 22

Areas of the body where the bone lies close to the skin:

Elbows
Shoulder blades
Sacrum (tailbone)
Hips
Knees
Ankles
Heels
Toes
Back of the neck
Head

Question 23

Describe a Stage 1 pressure injury:

Answer 23

Skin is intact.

Lighter skin tones may show redness. Redness is not relieved after removing pressure.

The area may be painful, firm, soft, warmer or cooler compared to the surrounding area.

Question 24

Describe a Stage 2 pressure injury:

Answer 24

Partial-thickness skin loss involving the epidermis and dermis.

Injury is discolored, moist, and may also look like a blister.

Question 25

Describe a Stage 4 pressure injury:

Answer 25

Full-thickness skin loss extending through all layers of skin, tissue, muscle, bone, and other structures (joints, tendons).

Injury appears as a deep crater. Slough and eschar may be visible.

Question 25

Describe a Stage 3 pressure injury:

Answer 25

Full-thickness skin loss in which fat is visible in the injury.

Slough and/or eschar may be present.

Damage may extend down to, but not through, the tissue the covers muscle.

Question 26

What is slough?

Answer 26

Slough is yellow, tan, gray, green, or brown tissue that is usually moist.

Question 27

What is eschar?

Answer 27

Eschar is dead tissue that is hard or soft in texture. Coloration is black, brown, or tan, similar to a scab.

Question 28

What are common signs of a pressure injury?

Answer 28

Discolored skin

Dry, cracked, or flaking skin

Torn skin

Blisters, bruises, or wounds on the skin

Differences in temperature of the skin area

Rashes

Tingling, warmth, or burning

Itching or scratching

Swelling of the skin

Wet skin

Broken skin on the body, including between the toes or around toenails

Changes in existing injuries: size, depth, drainage, color, odor

Question 29

What are the guidelines for preventing pressure injuries?

Answer 29

Promptly reporting changes in a resident’s skin

Performing regular skin care, closely inspecting skin condition each time.

Closely check areas such as IV lines, oxygen delivery devices, bandages, dressings, or casts for irritation

Keep skin clean and dry. Pay close attention to skin folds

Do not use hot water when bathing the skin

Do not rub any areas during bathing

Change clothing and bed linens as needed

User moisturizers as ordered on unbroken skin. Follow the care plan.

Do not use creams, lotions, soaps, or other products on nonintact skin

Do not massage any discolored areas, bony areas, or pressure points

Follow posted turn schedules

Do not pull residents across linen or other surfaces during transfers or repositioning

Keep linens dry, clean, and wrinkle-free

Perform range of motion exercises as ordered

Protect the heels and ankles by using pillows and other position devices to keep them elevated

Use pillows to separate skin surfaces

Follow diet and fluid orders carefully; encourage proper fluid and nutrition intake