Week 9 notes Flashcards

0
Q

What are some ways to receive passive immunity

A

maternal antibodies passed to offspring via colostrum

or donor antibodies via transfusion/injection

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1
Q

define Adaptive immune system (humoral and Cell mediatied)

A

humoral - antibodies interact with antigents to prevent them from causing disease

Cell mediated - Direct destruction of antigens by cells
phagocytosis
lysis

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2
Q

What are some ways to receive active immunity

A

Exposure to disease

immunization

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3
Q

how does a serology test work

A

Antigen detection using antibodies

or antibody detection using antigens

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4
Q

What will positive serologic results produce

A

Color change
Light
A radiolabeled substance

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5
Q

What does ELISA stand for and how does it work

A

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

contains either an antibody or antigen, and an enzyme

antibodies and antigens bind together and react with the enzyme to produce a color change

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6
Q

What does CELISA stand for and how does it work

A

Competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

contains BOTH antibodies and antigens

sample must compete with the antigen int eh test for binding sites to produce a color change

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7
Q

How does the latex agglutination test work

A

latex particles are coated with antigen

binding of matching antibodies and antigen case agglutination

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8
Q

What does RIM stand for and how does it work

A

Rapid immunomigration

Antibodies in the test kit are attached to colloidal gold

bound antibodies/antigen groups migrate to the reading area

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9
Q

Why would we perform a Coombs Test

A

Testing for IMHA- immune mediated hemolytic anemia (attacking its own RBC’s)

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10
Q

Allergy testing and Tuberculin testing are examples of what kind of tests

A

Intradermal testing

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11
Q

A positive tuberculin test would mean an exposure to what

A

M. tuberculosis
M. bovis
M. avium

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12
Q

A disease titer is being performed. What does a titer of 1:2 mean? What does a titer of 1:100 meant? Which one is “good” and which one is “bad”?

A

disease titer of 1:2 is “good” because it shows a high ratio of antibodies to the disease.

disease titer of 1:100 is “bad” because it shows a low ratio of antibodies to the disease

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13
Q

A vaccine titer is being performed. What does a titer of 1:2 mean? What does a titer of 1:100 mean? which one is “good” and which is “bad”?

A

a vaccine titer of 1:2 is “bad” because there is more disease when compared to the vaccine antibody

A vaccine titer of 1:100 is “good” because the disease is diluted and still showing the vaccine antibody

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14
Q

T/F “while a single positive serologic test for antibodies might indicate that an animal has been exposed to an infectious agent, this is never enough to make a definitive diagnosis.”

A

False

example: a positive heartworm test, a doctor will diagnose right then and there.

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15
Q

Why would we do a DNA test

A

classify cancers
detect genetic defects
verify animal pedigrees
determine bacterial contaminants in food science applications

16
Q

How is blood type determined

A

by the natural antigens on the surface of RBC’s

17
Q

why is it important to type and match blood

A

to prevent transfusion reactions

18
Q

What does DEA stand for when classifying canine blood type

A

Dog Erythrocyte Antigens

19
Q

What is the most common feline blood type

A

Type A

20
Q

T/F If the wrong type of blood type is given to a cat, the cat can be treated?

A

False- almost always fatal

21
Q

What is the difference between a “major” and “minor” pre-transfusion test

A

major = recipient serum + donor cells (incubated and centrifuged)

minor = donor serum + recipient cells (incubated and centrifuged)

agglutinattion and hemolysis indicate a blood type mismatch

22
Q

What anticoagulant would we use for

immediate use

storage

A

immediate use = sodium citrate

storage = citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD)
citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPD-A)

23
Q

what are the different blood products

A

whole blood
PRBC’s (packed RBC’s)
Plasma (fresh and fresh frozen plasma (FFP))