Week 2 notes Flashcards
What is hematopoiesis?
production of blood cells and platelets
Whole blood is composed of?
plasma, RBC’s, WBC’s and platelets
WBC Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes and monocytes
WBC granulocytes
Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils
Where does hematopoietic activity occur in adults and prenatals?
Adults: primarily red bone marrow, but under stress the liver and spleen
Prenatal: liver, spleen, thymus, and red bone marrow
What are the stages in order of RBC development?
rubriblast, prorubricyte, rubricyte, metarubricyte, reticulocyte, erythrocyte.
What is the maturation process of thrombocytes?
megakaryoblast, promegakaryocyte, megakaryocyte, platelets/thrombocytes
What is the maturation process for granulocytes?
myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte, band cell, granulocyte
What is the maturation process for monocytes?
monoblast, promonoblast, monocytes
what is the maturation process for lymphocytes?
lymphoblast, prolymphocyte, lymphocyte
What is plasma?
fluid portion of whole blood
what is serum?
plasma without fibrinogen
what is polycythemia?
increased number of RBC’s
CBC consists of?
total RBC count, PCV, PPC, total WBC count, blood film examination, reticulocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte indices
what is PCV?
packed cell volume: percentage of whole blood that is composed of RBC’s
What are the 5 plasma colors and what do they indicate?
clear to pale- normal
cloudy to white- lipemia
red- hemolysis
yellow- icterus
what is MCV?
mean corpuscular volume- average size of RBC’s
How do you calculate MCV?
PCV / RBC concentration X 10
Femto liter
What is MCH?
mean corpuscular hemoglobin
How do you calculate MCH?
hemoglobin concentration / RBC concentration X 10
pg- pikograms
What is MCHC?
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
How do you calculate MCHC?
hemoglobin con. / PCV X 100
G/dL
What is a differential cell count?
a minimum of 100 WBC’s are counted, identified, and recorded
How do you get absolute values?
total WBC count X % of type of cell
what do neutrophils look like?
nucleus is irregular and elongated with 3-5 nuclear lobes, may not see cell membrane
what do Eosinophils look like?
contain a nucleus similar to neutrophils, shape and size vary within species.
what do basophils look like?
Nuclei similar to monocytes, granules stain purple to black in dogs, stain bright lavender in cats
what do lymphocytes look like?
variety of sizes, small: slightly indented nuclei and bluish cytoplasm, medium to large: may have few pink granules in cytoplasm
What do monocytes look like?
largest WBC, cytoplasm is bluish-gray, may have vacuoles, or few small fine pink granules
What do RBC’s look like in dogs, cats, exotics, and camelids?
dogs- biconcave disk shape
cats- round with no central pallor
exotics- nucleated
camelids- elongated ovals
what is the average acceptable # of platelets per oil immersion field?
7-10 or 8-10
how do you estimate the # of platelets?
platelets counted X total WBC count
what are the 2 methods for quantifying morphologic changes?
scale of 1+, 2+, 3+, 4+ 1+/ 5-10% 2+/ 10-25% 3+/ 50% 4+/ more than 75%
Slight, moderate, or marked
slight- 10%
moderate- 25%
marked- 50% or more
