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Clinical Chemisrty > Week 6 Notes > Flashcards

Week 6 Notes Flashcards

0
Q

What are some factors that can affect quality of test results?

A

Collection procedure: use correct needle size, fill tubes in correct order, store correctly
Labeling, handling and shipping
Patient variables
Equipment difficulties

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1
Q

What are several uses of a clinical chemistry profile?

A

Screen for disease, assess pre-surgical risk, distinguish between DDX, assess severity of existing disease, monitor progression/response to therapy and identify patterns that suggest dysfunction

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2
Q

What are some analytical factors that can affect tests?

A

Analyzer, other equipment, test methods and components, quality control, and operating and maintenance procedures

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3
Q

How do we have QC and accurate results from chemistry analyzers?

A

Proper calibration, routine maintenance, running daily controls, blanking methods, monitor for deterioration of reagents, monitor condition of analyzer

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4
Q

What are the sample types we use for chemistry panels?

A

Serum, heparinized whole blood, and heparinized plasma

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5
Q

What are the functions of plasma proteins?

A

Structural component of cells, organs, and tissues, osmotic pressure, enzymes, buffers, hormones, clotting, defense, and transport molecules

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6
Q

Total plasma proteins includes what?

A

All proteins and fibrinogen

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7
Q

Total serum proteins includes what?

A

All proteins excluding clotting factors

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8
Q

Protein concentrations are affected by?

A

Hepatic synthesis, altered protein breakdown or excretion, and dehydration or over hydration

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9
Q

Albumin is what % of total protein?

A

35-50%

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10
Q

What are the 2 different globulins and where do they come from?

A

Alpha- from the liver

Gamma- from antibodies

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11
Q

How do you get globulin concentration?

A

TP - Albumin = concentration

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12
Q

What is the first indication of protein abnormality?

A

Albumin to globulin ration A:G

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13
Q

Fibrinogen is how much of TP?

A

3-6%

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14
Q

What are some hepatobiliary assays we do?

A

ALT, AST, AP, bilirubin, cholesterol, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and gamma glutamyltranspeptidase

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15
Q

What are some renal assays we do?

A

BUN, serum creatinine, and BUN/ creatinine ratio

16
Q

What are some exocrine pancreatic assays we do?

A

Amylase, lipase, trypsin, serum TLI, and serum PLI

17
Q

What are some electrolyte assays we do?

A

Calcium, inorganic phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride, and bicarbonate.

18
Q

What are 2 miscellaneous tests we might do?

A

Creatine kinase, and lactate

19
Q

What are some endocrine pancreatic assays we do?

A

Glucose, fructosamine, glycosylated hemoglobin, beta-hydroxy-butyrate, glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance

20
Q

What are some adrenocortical function tests we do?

A

ACTH stimulation, dexmethasone suppression

21
Q

What are some thyroid assays we do?

A

T4 and cholesterol, TSH response, TRH response, T3 suppression,

22
Q

What are some pituitary function assays we do?

A

GH (growth hormone)

23
Q

What other test do you perform with AST?

A

ALT

24
Q

If your ALT and AST are high what assay do you perform and why?

A

CK to differentiate between wether it is the liver or skeletal muscle that has been damged.

25
Q

Bilirubin tests help to determine what?

A

Cause of jaundice, hepatocellular damage, bile ducts injury/ obstruction, or erythrocyte destruction

26
Q

Cholesterol can be used to screen for what?

A

Hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism, diabetes mellitus, or nephrotic syndrome

27
Q

Concentration of AP can be used to detect what in dogs and cats?

A

Cholestasis

28
Q

What can cause a disproportionate increase in BUN?

A

Dehydration, dietary treatment failure, owner non-compliance with treatment

29
Q

How do we normally test for trypsin?

A

Fecal

30
Q

Calcium is inversely related to what?

A

Inorganic phosphorus

31
Q

You see an increase in potassium in what type of patients?

A

Hyperkalemic

32
Q

How much % of glucose do you loose every hour it goes untested?

A

10%

33
Q

Why would you do an ACTH test?

A

Suspected hypo- or hyperadrenocorticism

34
Q

A low-dose dexmethasone test confirms what?

A

Hyperadrenocorticism

35
Q

A high-dose dexmethasone tests differentiates what?

A

Pituitary from adrenal causes

Clinical Chemisrty (11 decks)

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