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ANATOMY > WEEK 9 (Muscles of the neck) > Flashcards

WEEK 9 (Muscles of the neck) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the neck?

A

A tube providing continuity from the head to the trunk

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2
Q

Describe what is contained in the neck

A

Within the tube of the neck, compartments provide LONGITUDINAL ORGANISATION; all these compartments are contained within unique layers of CERVICAL FASCIA

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3
Q

Describe the Visceral compartment

A
  • Anterior
  • Contains parts of the digestive & respiratory systems and endocrine glands
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4
Q

Describe the Vertebral column

A
  • Posterior
  • Contains the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, cervical nerves and muscles associated with the vertebral column
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5
Q

Describe the two vascular compartments

A
  • One on each side
  • Lateral
  • Contain the major blood vessels and the vagus nerve
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6
Q

Describe the Superficial Fascia

A
  • Contains a thin sheet of muscle called the PLATYSMA
  • PLATYSMA begins in the superficial fascia on the thorax & runs upward to attach to the mandible and blend with the muscles on the face
  • Innervated by the CERVICAL BRANCH of the FACIAL NERVE (VII)
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7
Q

What layers is the deep cervical fascia organised into?

A
  • INVESTING LAYER (surrounds all structures in the neck)
  • PREVERTEBRAL LAYER (surrounds the vertebral column and the deep muscles associated with the back)
  • PRETRACHEAL (encloses the viscera of the neck)
  • CAROTID SHEATHS (surround the two major neuromuscular bundles on either side of the neck)
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8
Q

Describe the Investing layer

A
  • Completely surrounds the neck
  • Encloses the TRAPEZIUS and STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID muscles
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9
Q

Describe the Prevertebral layer

A
  • Surrounds the vertebral column and the muscles associated with it
  • Muscles in this group include the PREVERTEBRAL MUSCLES, the ANTERIOR, MIDDLE and SCALENE MUSCLE and the DEEP MUSCLES OF THE BACK
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10
Q

Describe the Pretracheal layer

A

Surround the VISCERA of the neck (includes TRACHEA, OESOPHAGUS and THYROID GLAND)

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11
Q

Describe the Carotid Sheath

A

A column of fascia that surrounds the COMMON CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN and the VAGUS NERVE

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12
Q

Which two muscles of the neck divide the neck into anterior and posterior triangles?

A

TRAPEZIUS & STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID

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13
Q

What is the anterior angle bounded by?

A
  • Median vertical line of the neck
  • Inferior margin of the mandible
  • Anterior margin of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle
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14
Q

What is the posterior angle bounded by?

A
  • Middle one-third of the clavicle
  • Anterior margin of the trapezius
  • Posterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid
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15
Q

The anterior triangle is subdivided into which smaller triangles?

A
  • SUBMANDIBULAR TRIANGLE
    (outlined by the INFERIOR BORDER of the MANDIBLE superiorly and ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR BELLIES of the DIGASTRIC MUSCLE inferiorly)
  • SUBMENTAL TRIANGLE
    (outlined by HYOID BONE inferiorly,ANTERIOR BELLY of the DIGASTRIC MUSCLE laterally and the MIDLINE)
  • MUSCULAR TRIANGLE
    (outlined by the HYOID BONE superiorly, SUPERIOR BELLY of the OMOHYOID MUSCLE and the anterior border of the STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLE laterally and the MIDLINE)
  • CAROTID TRIANGLE
    (outlined by SUPERIOR BELLY of the OMOHYOID MUSCLE ANTEROINFERIORLY, the STYLOHYOID MUSCLE and POSTERIOR BELLY of the DIGASTRIC MUSCLE SUPERIORLY and the anterior border of the STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLE superiorly)
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16
Q

Which muscles are Suprahyoid muscles?

A
  • STYLOHYOID
  • DIGASTRIC
  • MYLOHYOID
  • GENIOHYOID
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17
Q

Which muscles are Infrahyoid muscles?

A
  • OMOHYOID
  • STERNOHYOID
  • THYROHYOID
  • STERNOTHYROID
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18
Q

What is the importance of Suprahyoid muscles?

A
  • related to the SUBMENTAL and SUBMANDIBULAR triangles
  • pass in a superior direction from the hyoid bone to the SKULL or MANDIBLE and raise the hyoid which occurs during swallowing
19
Q

What is the function of the Stylohyoid muscle?

A

Pulls hyoid bone upward in a posterosuperior direction

20
Q

What is the function of the Anterior belly of the Digastric muscle?

A

Opens mouth by lowering mandible & raises the hyoid bone

21
Q

What is the function of the Posterior belly of the Digastric muscle?

A

Pulls hyoid bone upward and back

22
Q

What is the function of the Myloyoid muscle?

A

Support and elevation of floor of mouth & elevation of hyoid

23
Q

What is the function of the Geniohyoid muscle?

A
  • Fixed mandible elevates and pulls hyoid bone forward
  • Fixed hyoid bone pulls mandible downward and inward
24
Q

What is the importance of the Infrahyoid muscles?

A
  • Related to the MUSCULAR TRIANGLE
  • Attach hyoid bone to inferior structures and depress the hyoid bone
  • Provide a stable point of attachment for the supra hyoid muscles
25
Q

What is the function of the Sternohyoid muscle?

A

Depresses hyoid bone after swallowing

26
Q

What is the function of the Omohyoid muscle?

A

Depresses and fixes the hyoid bone

27
Q

What is the function of the Thyrohyoid muscle?

A
  • Depresses hyoid bone
  • When hyoid bone is fixed, raises larynx
28
Q

What is the function of the Sternothyroid muscle?

A

Draws larynx downward

29
Q

What is the posterior triangle of the neck bounded by?

A
  • POSTERIOR EDGE of the STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLE anteriorly
  • ANTERIOR EDGE of the TRAPEZIUS MUSCLE posteriorly
  • The MIDDLE ONE-THIRD of the CLAVICLE basally
30
Q

What is the Posterior triangle further subdivided into?

A
  • OMOCLAVICULAR/SUBCLAVIAN triangle inferiorly
  • OCCIPITAL triangle superiorly
31
Q

What are the muscles of the Posterior triangle?

A
  • STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (sternal & clavicular head)
  • TRAPEZIUS
  • SPLENIUS CAPITIS
  • LEVATOR SCAPULAE
  • POSTERIOR, MIDDLE & ANTERIOR SCALENE MUSCLES
32
Q

What is the function of the Sternocleidomastoid (Sternal head)?

A
  • Individually - rotate the head to the opposite side
  • Together - draws head forward
33
Q

What is the function of the Sternocleidomastoid (Clavicular head)?

A
  • Individually - rotate the head to the opposite side
  • Together - draws head forward
34
Q

What is the function of the Trapezius muscle?

A

To stabilise and rotate the scapula during abduction of the humerus

UPPER FIBERS: elevates middle fibers causing adduction
LOWER FIBERS: depresses scapula

35
Q

What is the function of the Splenius capitis muscle?

A

TOGETHER draws the head backwards but INDIVIDUALLY rotates the head to one side

36
Q

What is the function of the Levator scapulae muscle?

A

Elevates scapula

37
Q

What is the function of the Posterior scalene muscle?

A

Elevation of rib II

38
Q

What is the function of Middle scalene muscle?

A

Elevation of rib I

39
Q

What is the function of Anterior scalene muscle?

A

Elevation of rib I

40
Q

What is the function of the Rectus capitis anterior muscle?

A

Flexes head at the Atlanta-occipital joint

41
Q

What is the function of the Rectus capitis lateralis muscle?

A

Flexes head laterally to the same side

42
Q

What is the function of the Longus colli muscle (Superior & Inferior oblique part)?

A

Flexes neck anteriorly and laterally and slight rotation to opposite side

43
Q

What is the function of the Longus colli muscle (Vertical part)?

A

Flexes neck anteriorly and laterally and slight rotation to opposite side

44
Q

What is the function of the Longus capitis muscle?

A

Flexes the head

ANATOMY (13 decks)

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