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ANATOMY > WEEK 3 (The skull) > Flashcards

WEEK 3 (The skull) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two sets of bones that form the skull?

A

Neurocranium and Facial bones

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2
Q

What is the neurocranium?

A

Encloses and protects fragile brain tissue and is divided into calvaria (skullcap) and a floor/cranial base (basicranium)

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3
Q

Which is the only bone in the skull that is not attached by sutures (interlocking, immovable joints)?

A

Mandible (jawbone)

It is attached to the rest of the skull by a freely movable joint

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4
Q

What is the anatomy of the neurocranium?

A
  • A boxlike cranium composed of eight large flat bones
  • Frontal, ethmoid, Sphenoid, Occipital are SINGLE BONES and Parietal and temporal are PAIRED BONES
  • In childhood, Sphenoid and Occipital bones are united by hyaline cartilage instead of sutures
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5
Q

Which neurocranium bones are single bones?

A

Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Occipital

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6
Q

Which neurocranium bones are paired bones?

A

Parietal and temporal

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7
Q

What is another term for hyaline cartilage?

A

Synchondroses

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8
Q

What are Unosified gaps (fontanelles)?

A

membranous connective tissue between the bones of the skull (particularly between the large flat bones)

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9
Q

What is the function of Unosified gaps (fontanelles)?

A

Allow the head to deform during its passage through the birth canal which holds the cranium

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10
Q

What is the average closure time of fontanelles?

A

6-24 months

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11
Q

What does the anterior view of the cranium include?

A

Frontal
Zygomatic
orbits
Nasal region
Maxillae
Mandible

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12
Q

What does the Lateral view of the cranium include?

A

Frontal
Parietal
occipital
Sphenoid
temporal

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13
Q

What are the two terms to describe the two large components of the skull?

A

neurocranium and viscerocranium

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14
Q

What can be seen on the posterior view of the skull?

A

The occipital bone, parts of the parietal bone and parts of the temporal bones

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15
Q

How is the skull described in the superior view?

A

Oval in form and broadens posterolaterally at the parietal eminences

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16
Q

What bones can be seen in the superior view?

A

Frontal bone
Parietal bones
Occipital bone

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17
Q

What is the vertex?

A

The superior most point of the cranium which is near the midpoint of the sagittal suture

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18
Q

What is the base of the skull divided into?

A
  • Anterior part including the teeth and hard plate
  • Middle part extending from behind the hard plate to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum
  • Posterior part extending from the anterior edge of the foramen magnum to the superior nuchal lines
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19
Q

What is the Calvaria?

A

The dome-shaped roof that protects the superior aspect of the brain which consists of the frontal bone anteriorly, paired parietal bones in the middle and occipital bone posteriorly

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20
Q

Which sutures can be found in the cranial cavity?

A
  • Coronal suture (between frontal and parietal bones)
  • Sagittal suture (between paired parietal bones)
  • Lambdoid suture between parietal and occipital bones
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21
Q

What are the features seen on the bony roof of the cranial cavity?

A
  • Frontal crest
  • Groove for the superior sagittal sinus
  • Granular foveolae
  • Smaller grooves created by various meningeal vessels
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22
Q

What is the frontal crest?

A

A midline ridge of bone extending from the surface of the frontal bone which is a point of attachment for falx celebri

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23
Q

What does the groove for the superior sagittal sinus do?

A

Marks the position of the superior sagittal sinus (an intramural venous structure)

24
Q

What does the granular foveolae do?

A

marks the location of arachnoid granulations (sutures involved in the reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid)

25
Q

What are the three large depressions found in the internal surface of the cranial base?

A
  • Anterior cranial fossa
  • Middle cranial fossa
  • Posterior cranial fossa
26
Q

What is the anatomy of the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Formed by the frontal bone anteriorly, ethmoid bone centrally and the body and lesser wings of the sphenoid posteriorly

27
Q

What is the anatomy of the middle cranial fossa?

A

Composed from sella turcica, the greater wings of sphenoid, flat parts of temporal bones and petrous (rock-like) parts of the temporal bones posteriorly

28
Q

What is the anatomy of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Formed mostly by the occipital and temporal bones and parts of the sphenoid and parietal bones

29
Q

What is the anatomy of the frontal bone?

A
  • Forms the forehead, the bony projections under the eyebrows and superior part of each eye’s orbit
  • Superior to the rim of the orbit on each side are raised superciliary arches
  • Between superciliary arches is a small depression (Glabella)
  • Supra orbital nerve and vessels pass through the supra orbital notch (foramen)
30
Q

What are the parietal bones?

A

paired bones that form the most of the superior and lateral walls of the cranium

31
Q

Where is the sagittal suture formed?

A

At the midline where the two parietal bones meet

32
Q

Where is the coronal suture formed?

A

Where the paired parietal bones meet the frontal bone

33
Q

Where are temporal bones found?

A

temporal bones lie inferior to the parietal bones and join them at the squamous sutures

34
Q

What bone markings appear on the temporal bones?

A
  • External acoustic meatus (a canal that leads to the eardrum and the middle ear)
  • Styloid process (sharp, needlelike projection that is an attachment point for many neck muscles)
  • Zygomatic process (thin bridge of bone that joins with the zygomatic bone anteriorly)
  • Mastoid process (full of air cavities and is a rough projection where many muscles of the neck attach)
35
Q

Where is the Jugular foramen located and what is its function?

A

Located at the junction of the occipital and temporal bones allows the passage of the jugular vein (the largest vein of the head which drains blood from the brain)

36
Q

What is the largest vein of the head?

A

Jugular vein

37
Q

What is the function of the internal acoustic meatus?

A

Transmits cranial nerves VII and VIII (facial and vestibulocochlear nerves)

38
Q

What is the function of the carotid canal?

A

Where the internal carotid artery runs which supplies blood to most of the brain

39
Q

Which bone is the most posterior bone of the cranium that forms the base and back wall of the skull?

A

Occipital bone

40
Q

Which suture joins the occipital bone and the parietal bones?

A

Lambdoid

41
Q

What is the large opening in the base of the occipital bone called?

A

Forman’s magnum

42
Q

Lateral to the foramen magnum on each side are ________________ which rest on the first vertebra of the spinal column

A

Occipital condyles

43
Q

What is the sphenoid bone?

A

The butterfly shaped sphenoid bone that spans the width of the skull and forms part of the floor of the cranial cavity

44
Q

What is the small depression in the midline of the sphenoid called and what is its function?

A

Sella turcica/Turk’s saddle and it forms a snug enclosure for the pituitary gland

45
Q

What is the function of the Foramen ovale?

A

Allows fibers of cranial nerve V (the trigeminal nerve) to pass to the chewing muscles of the mandible

46
Q

What are the two important openings of the sphenoid bone that can be seen exteriorly?

A
  • Optic canal - allows optic nerve to pass to the eye
  • Superior orbital fissure - where cranial nerves controlling eye movements (III, IV and VI) pass
47
Q

What is the Ethmoid bone?

A

A very irregularly shaped bone that lies anterior to the sphenoid and forms the roof of the nasal cavity and part of the medial walls of the orbits

48
Q

What is the Crista Galli?

A

A projection where the outermost covering of the brain attaches

49
Q

What are the Cribriform plates?

A

Holey areas on each side of the crista galli which allow nerve fibers carrying impulses from the olfactory (smell) receptors of the nose to reach the brain

50
Q

Which suture is found between the greater wing of Sphenoid bone and the parietal bone?

A

Sphenoparietal suture

51
Q

Which suture is found between the greater wing of the Sphenoid bone and the temporal bone?

A

Sphenosquamous suture

52
Q

Which suture is found between the temporal bone and the occipital bone?

A

Occipitomastoid suture

53
Q

What is the Pterion?

A

A roughly H-shaped formation of sutures that unite the frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal bones.

54
Q

Which artery runs beneath the Pterion?

A

The anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery

55
Q

What is distinguishable about the Pterion?

A

The skull at this point is thin so it is vulnerable to injury

56
Q

Where can small islands of bone (Sutural/Wormian bones) be found?

A

Along the lambdoid suture

ANATOMY (13 decks)

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