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ANATOMY > WEEK 4 (Facial bones) > Flashcards

WEEK 4 (Facial bones) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Viscerocranium?

A

It forms the anterior part of the cranium and consists of bones surrounding the mouth, nose and most of the orbits

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2
Q

Which bones form the facial skeleton?

A
  • Paired nasal bones
  • Palatine bones
  • Lacrimal bones
  • Zygomatic bones
  • Maxillae
  • Inferior nasal conchae
  • Unpaired vomer
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3
Q

The _____________ is not part of the cranium nor part of the facial skeleton

A

Mandible

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4
Q

What does the anterior view of the facial skeleton include?

A
  • The orbits
  • The nasal region
  • The part of the face between the orbit and the upper jaw
  • The upper jaw
  • The lower jaw
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5
Q

The lower lateral rim of the orbit and the lateral part of the inferior rim of the orbit is formed by which bone?

A

Zygomatic bone

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6
Q

Describe the anatomy of the nasal region

A
  • Paired nasal bones articulate with each other in the midline and with the frontal bone superiorly
  • The center of the Frontonasal suture formed by articulation of the nasal bones and the frontal bone is called “NAISON”
  • Laterally, each nasal bone articulates with the frontal process of each maxilla
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7
Q

What is the Piriform Aperture?

A

The large opening in the nasal region and the anterior opening of nasal cavity. It is bounded by the NASAL BONES laterally and inferiorly by each MAXILLA

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8
Q

What are the fused Nasal Crests?

A

They form the lower part of the bony NASAL SEPTUM and end anteriorly as the ANTERIOR NASAL SPINE and the INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE

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9
Q

What is the part of the face between the orbit, upper teeth and each upper jaw?

A

Paired maxillae

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10
Q

Superiorly, each maxilla contributes to the inferior and medial rims of the __________

A

Orbit

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11
Q

What do the Zygomatic process and Frontal process of each maxilla articulate with?

A

Laterally, the zygomatic process of each
maxilla articulates with zygomatic bone
and medially, the frontal process of each
maxilla articulates with the frontal bone

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12
Q

Inferiorly, the part of each maxilla lateral to the opening of the nasal cavity is the ____________________________

A

body of the maxilla

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13
Q

Inferiorly, each maxilla ends as the _____________ which contains the tooth sockets and forms the ____________________

A

Alveolar process
Upper jaw

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14
Q

Where is the Infraorbital foramen located?

A

On the anterior surface of the body of the maxilla, just below the inferior rim of the orbit

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15
Q

What are the ‘Inferior nasal conchae’ and what is its function?

A

Thin, curved bones projecting medially from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

Inferior nasal conchae increase
the surface area of these
cavities, thus providing for rapid
warming and humidification of
air as it passes to the lungs

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16
Q

Where do the Body of the mandible and the Ramus of the mandible meet?

A

At the angle of the mandible

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17
Q

The body of the mandible is divided into two parts, what are they?

A
  • The lower part is the BASE OF THE MANDIBLE
  • The upper part is the ALVEOLAR PART OF THE MANDIBLE
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18
Q

Describe the anatomy of the mandible

A

The base of the mandible has a midline swelling (the MENTAL PROTUBERANCE) on its anterior surface where the two sides of the mandible come together. Lateral to the mental protuberance on either side are bumps (MENTAL TUBERCLES)

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19
Q

Where can the mental foramen be found?

A

Between the upper border of the alveolar part of the mandible and lower border of the base of the mandible

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20
Q

Where does the oblique line extend from?

A

From the mental tubercle to the ramus

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21
Q

Which facial bones can be seen in the lateral view of the facial skeleton?

A

Nasal
Lacrimal
Maxilla
Zygomatic

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22
Q

What does the upper jaw contain?

A

The maxilla with its alveolar process containing teeth

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23
Q

What is the anatomy of the Maxilla?

A
  • Anteriorly articulates with the NASAL BONE
  • Superiorly contributes to the formation of the inferior and medial borders of the ORBIT
  • Medially its frontal process articulates with the FRONTAL BONE
  • Laterally its ZYGOMATIC PROCESS articulates with the ZYGOMATIC BONE
24
Q

What is the Zygomatic bone (cheekbone) and what is its anatomy?

A

Zygomatic bone is an irregularly shaped bone with a rounded lateral surface

  • Medially assists in the formation of the inferior rim of the ORBIT through its articulation with the ZYGOMATIC PROCESS of the maxilla
  • Superiorly its FRONTAL PROCESS articulates with the ZYGOMATIC PROCESS of the FRONTAL BONE assisting in the formation of the LATERAL RIM OF THE ORBIT
  • Laterally the horizontal TEMPORAL PROCESS projects backward to articulate with the ZYGOMATIC PROCESS of the TEMPORAL BONE forming the ZYGOMATIC ARCH
25
Q

What are Lacrimal bones?

A

Fingernail-sized bones forming part of the medial wall of each orbit

Each lacrimal bone has a groove that serves as a passageway for tears

26
Q

What is the difference between the Zygomaticofacial foramen and the Zygomaticotemporal foramen?

A

ZYGOMATICOFACIAL FORAMEN is visible on the lateral surface of zygomatic bone whereas the ZYGOMATICOTEMPORAL FORAMEN is present on the medial deep surface of the bone

27
Q

What does the Mandible consist of?

A
  • Anterior body of the mandible
  • Posterior ramus of the mandible
  • Angle of the mandible
  • Teeth (in the alveolar part of the mandible)
28
Q

Where can the mental foramen be found?

A

On the lateral surface of the mental body

29
Q

What is attached to the Condylar process and the Coronoid process?

A

Condylar process of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone and the coronoid process attaches to the temporals muscle

30
Q

What are the main features of the anterior part of the base of the skull?

A

Teeth and the hard palate

31
Q

What is the hard palate composed of?

A

The palatine processes of each maxilla anteriorly and the Horizontal palates of each Palatine bone posteriorly

32
Q

The paired palatine processes of each maxilla meet in the midline at the _________________ suture

A

Intermaxillary

33
Q

The paired maxillae and the paired palatine bones meet at the __________________ suture

A

Palatinomaxillary

34
Q

The paired horizontal plates of each Palatine bone meet in the midline at the __________________

A

Interpalatine suture

35
Q

Which features can also be seen when the hard palate is examined?

A
  • The incisive fossa (for nasopalatine nerve & sphenopalatine vessels)
  • The greater palatine foramina (for greater palatine nerve and vessels)
  • Lesser palatine foramina
  • Posterior nasal spine
36
Q

Where is the greater palatine foramina located?

A

near the posterolateral border of the hard palate on each side which leads to GREATER PALATINE CANALS

37
Q

Which canals do the lesser palatine foramina lead to?

A

Lesser palatine canals

38
Q

What is the name for the midline pointed projection in the posterior border of the hard palate?

A

the Posterior nasal spine

39
Q

Where is the vomer located and what is its function?

A

The small Vomer is located in the midline and rests on the sphenoid bone

It contributes to the formation of the bony nasal septum separating the two CHOANAE (nostrils)

40
Q

The _________________ is firmly bound to the periosteum and perichondrium of the supporting bones and cartilages of the nose

A

Nasal mucosa

41
Q

The mucosa is continuous with the lining of all chambers with which the nasal cavities communicate, what are these chambers?

A
  • Nasopharynx (posteriorly)
  • Paranasal sinuses (superiorly and laterally)
  • Lacrimal sac
  • Conjuctiva (superiorly)
42
Q

Why is the lateral wall of the nasal cavity uneven?

A

Due to nasal conchae, turbinate or turbinal bones which are long, narrow, curled shelf which protrudes into the breathing passage of the nose. There are three elevations that project inferiorly like scrolls.

43
Q

The conchae curve inferomedially, each forming a roof and partial medial wall for a __________/__________

A

Meatus/Recess

44
Q

What are the four air passages that the nasal conchae divide the nasal cavity into?

A
  • Spheno-ethmoidal recess
  • Superior nasal meatus
  • Middle nasal meatus
  • Inferior nasal meatus
45
Q

What is the Spheno-ethmoidal recess?

A

An air passage that receives the opening of the sphenoid sinus

46
Q

What is the Superior nasal meatus?

A

A narrow passage between the superior and middle nasal conchae into which the posterior ethmoidal sinuses open by one or more orificies

47
Q

What is the Middle nasal meatus?

A

Longer and deeper than the Superior nasal meatus. The anterosuperior part of this passage leads into the ethmoidal infundibulum, an opening through which it communicates with the frontal sinus via the FRONT-NASAL DUCT

48
Q

What is the Inferior nasal meatus?

A

A horizontal passage, inferolateral to the inferior nasal concha. The nasolacrimal duct from the lacrimal sac opens into the anterior part of this meatus

49
Q

What are the Paranasal sinuses?

A

Paired and symmetrical, air filled cavities situated around the nasal cavity

50
Q

Which neurocranium bones are paranasal sinuses found in?

A
  • Frontal bone
  • Ethmoid bone
  • Sphenoid bone
51
Q

Which neurocranium bone is the only bone that contains its own sinuses?

A

The maxilla

52
Q

What are the functions of the sinuses?

A
  • To humidify inhaled air
  • To facilitate immune response of nasal cavity
  • To decrease weight of the head
  • To impact the resonance of human voice
53
Q

What is the anatomy of frontal sinuses?

A
  • The left and right sinuses are separated
    by intersinus septum
  • The size and shape of the frontal sinus
    vary greatly among individuals, and in
    some individuals frontal sinus may never
    form
  • The frontal sinus is larger in men than in
    women
  • Each sinus drains through a frontonasal
    duct into the ethmoidal infundibulum,
    which opens into the middle hiatus
54
Q

What is the anatomy of Ethmoid sinuses?

A
  • The ethmoidal sinuses include
    several cavities that are located in
    the lateral mass of the ethmoid
    bone between the nasal cavity and
    the orbit
  • The anterior ethmoidal cells drain
    directly into the middle meatus
  • The posterior ethmoidal cells
    open directly into the superior
    meatus
55
Q

What is the anatomy of Sphenoid sinuses?

A
  • Unevenly divided and separated
    by a bony septum, occupy the
    body of the sphenoid bone
  • They may extend into wings of
    this bone
  • Sphenoid sinuses drain into
    the sphenoethmoidal recess
    superior to the superior concha
56
Q

What is the anatomy of the Maxillary sinuses?

A
  • Are the largest of the paranasal sinuses
  • These large pyramidal cavities occupy the
    bodies of maxillae
  • The base of maxillary sinus forms the inferior
    part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
  • The roof of maxillary sinus is formed by the
    floor of the orbit
  • The floor of maxillary sinus is formed by the
    alveolar part of the maxilla
  • Each sinus drains by an opening, the
    maxillary ostium into the middle meatus

ANATOMY (13 decks)

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