Week 9; Lecture 1 Flashcards
the classic or “furious” form of rabies may occur in
livestock or pets
what is the main symptom of furious rabies
unusual behavior, which gradually leads to depression or partial paralysis
during the course of several hours to a few days, what will happen to the animal
the animal will go down, develop convulsive seizures, and die
when does a dog become infectious?
when the rabies virus travels up nerves to spinal cord to brain, down cranial nerves, and into salivary glands
rabies transmission routes
inovulated into fresh wounds or when it contacts mucous membranes
infectious materials of rabies
saliva, central nervous system tissue, cerebrospinal fluid
rabies is NOT transmitted through
general contact
infectious material touching intact skin
inanimate objects, such as food and water bowls
do veterinarians sell rabies vaccine to livestock and horse owners
yes
when must dog and cats be vaccinated
between 3 and 4 months of age, and regularyly thereafter
failure to vaccinate is a
misdemeanor
state law requires rabies vaccination proof in form of
certificates with an original signature (or a stamp, when directly supervised by a veterinarian)
rabies vaccination tag requirments are set by
local laws
what animals are not required by law to be vaccinated but should be
livestock, domestic ferrets, and wolf-dog hybrids
who should you report rabies cases to (all bites and potential epxosures to peaople from animals capable of transmitting rabies)
LRCA; Local rabies control authority
who is obligated to report any potential exposure
any person with knowledge of the incident
veterinarians have the legal authority to
quarantine or test biting animals or supsicious animals, according to state rabies law
quarantine for ______ from the time of the bite
10 days (240 hours)
if unvaccinated, when should the biter be vaccinated
dont vaccinate until after the quarantine
do currently vaccinated pets need to be quarantined
yes
quarantine location options
DSHS approved quarantine shelters
veterinarians who contract with a local govt to provide quarantine services
private veterinary clinics for their own patients
owners home (criteria must be met by LRCA)
what criteriamust be met
secure enclosure is available
animal currently vaccinated against rabies (unless younger than 4 months)
observed at least on first and last days by LRCA or veterinarian
was not a “stray” at the time of the bite incident
increased risk bites/exposure rabies law states that an animal that inficts multiple wounds may
be required by the LRCA to be immediately tested for rabies
what animals MUST be tested
high risk animals; unless proof of the animals captivity for more than 200 days wihout exposure to rabies (or born to a dam not exposed to rabies for 200+ days); instead must undergo 30 day quarantine
what are risky bat situations
sleeping person
unatended child
mentally impaired or intoxicated person
what are low risk species
opossums, shrews,moles, squirrels, gophers, mice, rabbits, rats, armadillos
do low risk animals need to be tested or quarantined
not unless the LRCA thinks the animal is rabid, then must be tested
an unlikely risk /other species may be quarantined for
30 days instead of being euthanized and tested
post exposure for rabies vaccinations for previously vaccinated persons
cost is 300+; administered ad day 0 and day 3 in the upper arm
complete exposure rabies vaccination series
human rabies immune globulin (based on body weight) all given at bite wound site whenever possible; 5 doses given in upper arm at day 0, 3, 7, 14, and maybe 28
is it ok to wait for testing or quarantine before starting PEP
usually, yes
options for animals involved with potentially rabid animals
euthanasia or postexposure vaccinations and home isolation
currently vaccinated animals exposed to rabies are
either humanely destroyed or revaccinated immediately and placed in strict isolation for 45 days
animals not currently vaccinated, exposed to rabies are
either humanely destroyed or vaccinated immediately and again at 3 and 8 weeks post-incidenta and isolated for 90 days
home isolation procedures
avoid animal’s saliva
wear work or rubber gloves, long pants, and long sleeve shirts
set up the isolation housing away from other animals and people
