Week 8; Lecture 1

Question 0

Exoanthropic zoonoses

Answer 0

Has a sylvatic (feral and wild) cycle in natural foci outside human habitats (wildlife rabies, Lyme disease)

Question 1

Synanthropic zoonosis

Answer 1

Has an urban (domestic) cycle In which the source of infection are domestic and synanthropic animals (urban rabies, cat scratch disease)

Question 2

Direct zoonosis

Answer 2

Maintenance in a single vertebrate species

Question 3

Cyclozoonosis

Answer 3

Maintenance requires more than one vertebrate species

Question 4

Metazoonosis

Answer 4

Cycle requires both vertebrate and invertebrate species

Question 5

Saprozoonosis

Answer 5

Cycle requires inanimate reservoirs or development sites as well as vertebrate species

Question 6

Amphixenosis maintenance cycle

Answer 6

Human to human and animal to animal

Question 7

Amphixenosis zoonotic cycle

Answer 7

Human to animal and animal to human

Question 8

Zooanthroponosis maintenance cycle

Answer 8

Human to human

Question 9

Zooanthroponosis zoonotic cycle

Answer 9

Human to animal

Question 10

Anthropozoonosis maintenance cycle

Answer 10

Animal to animal

Question 11

Anthropozoonosis zoonotic cycle

Answer 11

Animal to human

Question 12

Indirect transmission

Answer 12

A transmission mechanism in which the infectious agent is transferred to the host by a finite or vector

Question 14

Direct transmission

Answer 14

Transmission of a disease pathogen directly from a previous host

Question 15

what is a zoonotic disease

Answer 15

an infection or infectious disease transmissible under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to human beings

Question 16

what types of organisms can be zoonotic

Answer 16

bacterium
virus
fungus
parasite
prion

Question 17

how many species of infectious organsims pathogenic to humans have been ID’d

Answer 17

1,407

Question 18

emerging disease

Answer 18

disease that has appeared in a human population for the first tim eor has occurred previously but is increasing in incidence or expanding into areas where it had not been reported in the past 20 years

Question 19

what are some potential reasons for emerging and re-emerging zoonoses

Answer 19

population growth
globalization of trade
increasing movement of people and animals
increasing urbanization and population density
changes in agricultural practices
changes in food processing and consumption
changes in distribution of animal/vector populations
growing immunocompormised (at risk) population
environmental changes and disruptions
pathogen changes (drug resistance)

Question 20

what populations tend to be the most susceptible to zoonotic diseases

Answer 20

the very old
the very young
pregnant women
cancer patients
diabetics
organ transplant recipients

Question 21

what is the veterinarians role in zoonoses disease prevention

Answer 21

More emphasis on zoonoses in veterinary school than medical school (i.e., veterinarians are often more knowledgeable about zoonoses than physicians)

Veterinarians are perceived by pet owners as the best source of information concerning their pets (i.e., they will ask you)

Veterinarians have a legal obligation to warn clients about potential zoonotic hazards

Question 22

what role do veterinarians play in zoonoses control

Answer 22

deworming, vaccination, diagnosis and treatment of diseased animals, disease prevention, participate in disease eradication programs, participate in disaster response, meat inspecction, research, educating clients