week 11 lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

chagas disease is spread by

A

widespread vectors infected with trypanosoma cruzi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

chagas disease exposes

A

canine exposure and disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what percentage of emerging infectious diseases originate in wildife

A

71.8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Eco-epidemiology

A

studying pathogens and diseases in populations and communities, as they relate to the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

eco-epidemiology includes

A

ecological determinants of patters on disease
zoonotic pathogen maintenance and transmission
vector-borne diseases
biological invasions ofmedical importance
wildlife as sentinels for human disease emergence
conservation medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the epidemiologic triad

A

an external agent
a susceptible host
an environment that brings the host and agent together for disease to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

many human actions influence

A

disease emergence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

trends in one health of workforce needs

A

wildlife, ecosystems, and global food security

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

specific call for veterinarians to be trained in

A

food safety, public health, epidemiology

research, academics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

vectors, hosts, and pathogens are commonly tied to

A

the lanscape as environmental determinants control their disribution and abundance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

new disciplines include

A

medical/health geography
landscape pathology
landscape epidemiology
pathogenic landscapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

analytical tools to quantify the associations between features of the environment and disease

A

human cases
animal cases
acarological risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a nidus

A

a nest; a point of origin; the nucleus of a disease process; point of origin of a morbid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

geographic information systems ((GIS)

A

software for data capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying geographically referenced information;
data layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

GIS very useful in

A

assessing patterns of disease on teh landscape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

triatomine species occurrence

17
Q

environmental parameters

A

temp, precip, elevation

18
Q

ecological and incidence based risk

19
Q

epidemiological models are tools used to

A

describe patterns of diseaes in populations

20
Q

field research used to

A

quantify parameters

21
Q

models synthesize

A

empirical data

22
Q

run simulations to learn about

A

the dynamics of a disease system

23
Q

test specific hypotheses by adjusting

A

parameters

24
Q

epidemiological modeling

A

susceptible; infectious; recovered

25
recently, there are many claims that biodiversity can serve to
reduce zoonotic risk | "exacerbation of the global burden of disease by biodiversity loss"
26
biodiversity =
species richness + evenness
27
wasted bites
from pathogen perspective, any feeding activity by the vector on incompetent hosts
28
community disassembly
the sequence with which species are lost from a community
29
lyme disease is increased when
under some circumstances when biodiversity is lost from a community, leaving behind competent hosts
30
zooprophylaxis
active/passive use of animals to divert vector bites away from humans
31
zoopotentiation
as the number of animals increases, imporved availability of blood meals may increse mosquito survival therby countering the impact of diverting feeds
32
how might fragmentation alter vector-borne disease risk
increased contact with humans | alters host community
33
invasive species and disease risk
nonnative species that spread rapidly significant threat to native biodiversity field of ecology has recently begun to address consequences of invasions for disease risk
34
consequences of invasions
alter distribution, abundance, and diversity of hosts for infectious agents; alter abiotic features of the local environment, which can influence vector survival rates and transmission rates of pathogens
35
how might climate change affect the incidence of diseases
geographic distribution (range shifts) population density (increased production) prevalence of infection by zoonotic pathogens (increased contact with hosts) pathogen load in individual hosts and vectors (increased dissemination rates)