Week 11 Lecture 1

Question 1

amongst rodents trapped, the _____ was found to be the main host to a previously unknown type of hantavirus

Answer 1

deer mouse

Question 2

about ____ of deer mice tested showed evidence of infection with hantavirus

Answer 2

30%

Question 3

case control investigation

Answer 3

case: households where people who had gotten the disease lived
control- households similar to those where the case-patients lived, except for one factor: no one in the control households had gotten the disease

Question 4

how was the specific hantavirus isolated

Answer 4

the special pathogens branch at CDC used tissue from a deer mouse that had been trapped near the New Mexico home of a person who had gotten the disease and grew the virus from it in the laboratory

Question 5

new virus name

Answer 5

Sin Nombre Virus (SNV)

Question 6

The new disease caused by the virus was called

Answer 6

hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

Question 7

the earliest known case of HPS has been confirmed was the

Answer 7

case of a 38 year old Utah man in 1959

Question 8

during this outbreak, what changed

Answer 8

suddenly more mice than usual

Question 9

is sin nombre the only virus that causes hps

Answer 9

no; there are numerous

Question 10

the agent is

Answer 10

member of family Bunyaviridae

Question 11

as far as human disease, hantavirus is divided into what 2 major groups

Answer 11

1. causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrom (HFRS)

2. Sin nombre virus

Question 12

what hantaviruses cause HFRS

Answer 12

hantaan, Puumala, Seoul; primarily found in asia and europe

Question 13

hantavirus transmission

Answer 13

rodents shed virus in their urine, droppings and saliva; so mainly transmitted via air contaiminated with the virus (but people may be able to get the virus if they touch something that has been contaminated with rodent urine, droppings, or salive, and then touch their nose or mouth; or eat contaminated food)

Question 14

hantavirus disease in animals

Answer 14

persistent infection and virus excretion without clinical symptoms are foun din rodent species that serve as reservoirs of hantaviruses

Question 15

hantavirus in domestic animals

Answer 15

antibodies have been reported but does not seem to cause disease

Question 16

what are the early symptoms of HPS

Answer 16

fatique, fever, and muscle aches

headaches, dizziness, chills, abdominal problems (nausea, diarrhea, pain)

Question 17

late symptoms of HPS

Answer 17

occur 4 to 10 days after the initial phase of illness; coughing and shortness of breath

Question 18

symptoms may develop between

Answer 18

1 and 5 weeks after exposure to urine, droppings, or saliva of infected rodents

Question 19

diagnosis of hantavirus

Answer 19

positive serological test result, evidence of viral antigen in tissue by immunohistochemistry, or the presence of amplifiable viral RNA sequences in blood or tissue, with compatible history of HPS, is considered diagnostic for HPS

Question 20

treatment of hantavirus

Answer 20

no specific treatment, cure, or vaccine for hantavirus infection; just supportive therapy

Question 21

what populations are at risk

Answer 21

cleaning mice homes (sheds)
construction, utility, pest control
campers and hikers

Question 22

prevention of hantavirus

Answer 22

eliminate or minimize contact with rodents in your home, workplace or campsite;
seal up holes and gaps in your home
place traps in and around your home
clean up easy toget food

Question 23

hantavirus is a category ___

Answer 23

category C agent

Question 24

category C agent

Answer 24

include emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass dissemination in the future beacuse of availability, ease of production and dissemination, potential for high morbidity and mortality rates and major health impact

Question 25

case fatality of monkeypox

Answer 25

1 to 10%

Question 26

clinical signs of monkeypox in non human primates

Answer 26

fever followed by a self-limiting rash is the most common presentation

Question 27

clinical signs in rabbits and rodents

Answer 27

fever, conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, cough lymphadenopathy, anorexia, lethargy, rash;

Question 28

reservoir of monkeypox

Answer 28

giant gambian rat (mild symptoms, no respiratory signs and limited skin lesions)

Question 29

clinical signs of monkeypox in humans

Answer 29

fever, headache. mucle ahces, backache, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, rash 1-3 days after fever
illness lasts 2-4 weeks

Question 30

transmission of monkeypox

Answer 30

from an infected animal (saliva, blood, fluids, rash)
contact with respiratory droplets
no person to person transmission in us

Question 31

diagnosis of monkeypox

Answer 31

virus isolation, PCR

Question 32

Treatment for monkeypox

Answer 32

none

Question 33

law changes

Answer 33

a person may not import into the US any rodent of african origin;