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DS1102 > Week 9 - Histology of teeth and supporting structures Wrap Up > Flashcards

Week 9 - Histology of teeth and supporting structures Wrap Up Flashcards

1
Q

What is dental pulp derived from

A
  • ectomesenchyme
  • dental papilla
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2
Q

Where is dental pulp located

A

contained in the pulp chamber of crown and in the root canal

at apical foramen it continue with the periodontium

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3
Q

Is the dental pulp active throughout life

A

yes

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4
Q

does dental pulp respond to external stimuli

A

yes

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5
Q

What are the 3 regions of the pulp

A
  • odontoblast layer
  • sub-odontoblast layer
  • pulp core
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6
Q

What is the odontoblast layer of the pulp

A

peripheral layer adjacent to dentine

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7
Q

What are the 2 layers of the sub odontoblast layer in the pulp

A
  • cell free zone (of weil)
  • cell rich zone
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8
Q

What is the cell free zone (of weil)

A
  • Directly beneath odontoblasts
  • contains processes of fibroblasts, traversing blood vessels and network of nerves (plexus of raschkow)
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9
Q

What is the cell rich zone in the pulp

A
  • apart of the subodontoblast
    layer
  • beneath the cell free zone
  • numerous undifferentiated cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes
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10
Q

What is the pulp core

A

periphery: smaller vessels and nerves
Centre: major vessels (arterioles) and nerve fibers

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11
Q

What are the cells which build the pulp (4)

A
  • odontoblasts
  • fibroblasts
  • undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
  • defense cells (macrophages, lymphocytes, dendritic cells)
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12
Q

What innervates the pulp

A

myelinated and unmyelinated fibers

  • runs in association with blood vessels centrally
  • branch profusely in the coronal pulp
  • forms a subodontoblastic nerve plexus (plexus of raschkow) in the crown
  • branches pass into the odontoblastic layer and dentinal tubules
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13
Q

where do the arterioles and venules enter the tooth

A

apical foramen and lateral canals

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14
Q

What is the subodontoblastic plexus and what does it consist of

A
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15
Q

What is the pulpal blood flow

A

20-60 ml/min

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16
Q

What is the dental pulp clinical considerations

A
  • highly sensitive tissue in a closed chamber
  • become non vital on infection and trauma
  • young teeth have better reparative capability
  • pulp calcification kay obliterate the canal making root canal therapy difficult or impossible
  • internal resorption of dentine
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17
Q

As age increases what happens to the volume of the pulp chamber

A

decreases

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18
Q

As age increases what happens to the vascular supply

A

decreases

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19
Q

As age increases what happens to the number of cells

A

decreases

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20
Q

What develops as we age in pulp

A
  • more fibrous
  • pulp stones form
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21
Q

What are the 4 components of the periodontium

A
  • Cementum (C)
  • periodontal ligaments (arrow)
  • alveolar bone (A)
  • gingiva (B) and dento gingival junction
22
Q

Where does the periodontium derive from

A

ectomesenchyme (dental follicle)

23
Q

Where is acellular cementum (a) found

A

upper 2/3 of the root

24
Q

Where is cellular cementum (B) found

A

lower 1/3 of the root

25
Q

What is acellular cementum

A
  • no cementoblasts/cementocytes
  • first formed cementum (primary cementum)
  • deposition is relatively slow
  • appear relatively structureless
    _ present extending at full length of the root
  • contains extrinsic fibers (sharpey’s fibers) perpendicular to the root surface
  • extrinsic fibres are produced by fibroblasts and few cementoblasts
26
Q

What is the function of acellular cementum

A

important for attachment and support - as they run from alveolar bone to the cementum

27
Q

What are cellular cementum

A
  • contains cementoblasts/cementocytes
  • deposition is relatively fast
  • present in apical third of the root
  • less mineralized
  • fibers are laid down by cementoblasts (intrinsic)
  • no role in tooth attachment
28
Q

What are the 3 cemeto-enamel junction configurations

A
  • cementum overlaps enamel for a short distance (60%)
  • Butt joint between enamel and dentine (30%)
  • Dentine between enamel and cementum is exposed (10%)
29
Q

What are clinical considerations for cementum

A
  • Cementum is less susceptible for resorption - orthodontic tooth movement
  • root fractures are repaired by cementum callus
  • cementum deposits as a compensation for attrition
  • may fuse with roots of adjacent teeth (concrescence)
  • generalized hypercemetosis seen in paget’s disease
  • Hypophosphatasia leads to significant reduction in the cementum formation - premature tooth loss
30
Q

What is the periodontal ligament

A
  • A dense fibrous connective tissue
  • occupies the periodontal space
31
Q

What is the periodontal ligament composed of

A
  • fibres
  • cells
  • ground substance
32
Q

What are the functions of the periodontal ligament

A

Physical
- attach the tooth to bone
- transmit occlusal force to bone
- shock absorption

Formative function
- form, maintain and repair of alveolar bone and cementum

Nutritional
-supply nutrition to bone cementum and gingiva

Sensory
- the PDL nerve fibers transmit sensation of touch, pressure and pain to higher centers

33
Q

What connects the tooth to the alveolar bone

A

periodontal ligament fibres

34
Q

What are the main periodontal ligament fibres

A
  • Collagen - mainly type 1 (80%) then 1-3 and 5-6
  • oxytalan fibres
    extend to the PDL from cementum
    do not attach to bone
35
Q

What are the 5 principal fibres

A
  1. Alveolar crest fibres
  2. Horizontal fibres
  3. Oblique fibres
  4. Apical fibres
  5. Inter radicular fibers
36
Q

What are the cells in the periodontal ligament

A
  • Fibroblasts (60%)
  • cementoblasts
  • Cementoblasts
    -Osteoblasts
  • Osteoclasts
  • Epithelial cells (rests of Malassez)
  • Defense cells
37
Q

What supplies the PDL with blood

A
  • Superior and inferior alveolar arteries
38
Q

What are the 2 types of nerves in the PDL

A
  • sensory
  • autonomic - supply to blood vessels (vasomotor)
39
Q

Where do the nerves in the PDL derive from

A
  • apex of the PDL
  • openings of the alveolar bone to middle and cervical portion of PDL
40
Q

What is the alveolar process/bone

A
  • parts of the maxilla and mandibula that form and support the tooth sockets
  • forms with eruption of tooth
  • disappears with loss of tooth
41
Q

what is the function of alveolar process/bone

A

bone attachment to the PDL

42
Q

What does the alveolar bone consist of

A
  • dense outer sheet of compact bone
  • central medullary bone (filled with red or yellow bone marrow)
43
Q

What is the periosteum

A

the tissue that covers the alveolar bone

44
Q

What are the 2 layers of the periosteum

A
  • outer (fibrous) layer - rich in blood vessels and nerves and composed of collagen fibers and fibroblasts
  • inner layer - composed of osteoblasts surrounded by osteoprogenitor cells
45
Q

What is the endosteum

A
  • tissue that lines the internal bone marrow cavity
  • composed of a single layer of osteoblasts and sometimes a small amount of connective tissue
46
Q

What is the function of the alveolar bone

A
  • anchors the roots of teeth to the alveoli which is achieved by the insertion of sharpey’s fibers into the alveolar bone proper
  • absorbs and distribute occlusal forces
  • supplies vessels to PDL
  • helps in eruption of primary and permanent teeth
47
Q

What does the alveolar process consist of

A
  • an external plate of thick cortical bone
  • alveolar bone proper
  • cancellous bone
48
Q

What is the alveolar bone proper

A
  • a part of the alveolar bone
  • the inner socket wall of thin, compact bone
  • Characterisized by thin lamellae arranged in layers parallel to the roots
  • histologically it consists of Sharpey’s fibers and therefore also called as bundle bone
49
Q

What is the cancellous bone

A
  • part of the alveolar bone
  • supporting alveolar bone present between the two compact layers (cortical bone and alveolar bone proper)
50
Q

What is the shape of the alveolar crest

A
  • alveolar bone proper and cortical plate meet each other at 1/5 to 2 mm below the CEJ
  • if neighboring teeth are inclined then it may appear to be oblique
51
Q
A

DS1102 (37 decks)

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