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DS1102 > Week 1 - Thoracic Anatomy SA > Flashcards

Week 1 - Thoracic Anatomy SA Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the parietal pleura connect to

A

thoracic cage (first tissue after the ribs)

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2
Q

How do the cuspid valves function

A
  1. Blood returning to the heart fills the right atria putting pressure against atrioventricular valves and they open
  2. as ventricles fill the valves flap hang limply into ventricle
  3. Atria contact forcing additional blood into ventricles
  4. Ventricles contract forcing blood against atrioventricular valve cusps
  5. Atrioventricular valve cusps
  6. Papillary muscles contract and chordae tendineae tighten preventing valve flap from everting into atria
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3
Q

How does the semilunar valve function

A

as ventricles contract and intraventricular pressure rises, blood is pushed up against semilunar valves forcing them open

as ventricles relax and intraventricular pressure falls blood flows back from arteries filling the cusps of semilunar valves and forcing them to close

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4
Q

what does the phrenic nerve innervate

A

diaphragm

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5
Q

what does the aorta connect to

A

left ventricle

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6
Q

what is the function of the coronary sinus

A

to collect blood from the muscles of the heart draining into the right atrium

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7
Q

What are the by pass mechanisms in the heart used during fetal development

A
  • Foramen Ovale
  • ductus arteriosus
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8
Q

function of Foramen Ovale as a bypass process

A

it is an opening between the right and left atria . this bypasses the right ventricle and the pulmonary circulation

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9
Q

what does the foramen ovale turn into

A

fossa ovalis

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10
Q

function of ductus arteriosum as a bypass process

A

a vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta
this shunts blood from the pulmonary artery directly into the aorta, bypassing the lungs . This helps maintain high systemic blood flow.

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11
Q

what does the ductus arteriosus turn into

A

ligamentum arteriosum

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12
Q

At what level does the broccius bifurcate into left and right

A

T4, T5

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13
Q

is the diaphragm skeletal or smooth muscle

A

skeletal - since we can control it

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14
Q

What spinal nerves control the phrenic nerve

A

C3, C4, C5
(3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive)

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15
Q

where do coronary arteries connect from

A

aorta

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16
Q

what are sinuses

A

areas where veins come together

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17
Q

what direction do the external intercoastal muscles run

A

anteriorly inferiorly

18
Q

what direction does the internal intercoastal muscle fibres run

A

posteriorly inferiorly

19
Q

what artery transports deoxygenated blood

A

pulmonary artery

20
Q

what valve is most likely to fail

A

bicuspid

21
Q

what separates the parietal and visceral pleura and what is its function

A

Pleural cavity which is a thin layer of serous fluid
the fluid aids movement and helps creates surface tension which keeps the lung inflated

22
Q

where does the parietal pleura connect to

A

thoracic cage

23
Q

What are the 3 internal compartments of the thorax

A
  • central mediastinum (+heart)
  • Left pleural cavity (+ lung)
  • Right pleural cavity (+ lung)
24
Q

What are the movements of the thorax

A
  • superior and anterior movements of the sternum (like a pump handle)
  • elevation of lateral shaft of ribs (like a bucket handle)
25
Q

What is the parietal pleura innervated by

A

branches of costal nerves

26
Q

What muscles are involved with inspiration

A
  • diaphragm (primary)
  • scalene muscles
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • external intercostals
27
Q

What muscles are involved in expiration

A
  • abdominal wall muscles
  • internal intercostals
  • passive recoil of lungs
28
Q

What are the atria of the heart

A
  • the two upper chambers of the heart
  • they receive blood returning to the heart from the body and pump it into the lower chambers (ventricles)
29
Q

How does the blood move through the right atrium

A
  1. receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava
  2. Pumps blood into the right ventricle which then sends it to the lungs for oxygenation via the pulmonary artery
30
Q

How does the blood move through the left atrium

A
  1. receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins
  2. pumps blood into the left ventricle which then send it throughout the body via the aorta
31
Q

What is the flow of blood through the right ventricle

A
  1. Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium.
  2. Pumps blood to the lungs for oxygenation via the pulmonary artery.
32
Q

What is the flow of blood through the left ventricle

A
  1. Receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium.
  2. Pumps blood throughout the body via the aorta, the largest artery in the body.
33
Q

Where does the right and left phrenic nerves pass

A

anterior to the lung root

34
Q

Where does the right and left vagus pass

A

posterior to lung root

35
Q

what is the largest lymph node, also being the abdominal origin of the thoracic muscle

A

cisterna chyli

36
Q

Where does the lymph from the left shoulder drain into

A

thoracic duct

37
Q

where does the lymph from the right shoulder drain into

A

right subclavian vein via the right lymphatic duct

38
Q

How is the blood travelling within the coronary arteries returned back into the right atrium

A

Through the coronary sinus

39
Q

what are the significant features seen at the level of the trans thoracic plane (sternal angle)

A
  • bifurcation of the trachea into right and left main bronchi
  • aortic arch
  • the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk into right and left pulmonary arteries
  • Ligamentum arteriosum
40
Q

As the right coronary artery continues on the base/diaphragmatic surface of the heart it supplies a small branch to what

A

Both SA and AV (think that SA and AV nodes are on the right side of the heart)

DS1102 (30 decks)

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